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APES Global Change

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following gases is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)

carbon dioxide (CO2)

b)

nitrogen gas (N2)

c)

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

d)

methane (CH4)

2.
What do the bubbles in ice cores represent?
a)
Tiny samples of earth's atmosphere when the ice formed.
b)
Types of plants that lived in an area.
c)
The annual growth or shrinkage of a glacier.
d)
More bubbles are indicative of increased precipitation.
3.
Visible light reaches Earth’s surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere causes this to happen?
a)
the hole in the ozone
b)
the greenhouse effect
c)
atmospheric pressure
d)
the inversion layer
4.
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
a)
lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
b)
lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
c)
higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
d)
higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
5.

Which of the following is a positive feedback loop?

a)

As it gets hotter, more clouds form and reflect light away from the earth.

b)

Water as a greenhouse gas heats the earth so more water evaporates.

c)

Ice melts when it gets hot, so less light is reflected from earth, which makes the earth more hot.

d)

aerosols released into the atmosphere have a global cooling effect.

6.
Where has the temperature changed the most?
a)
central latitude
b)
central longitude
c)
north pole
d)
south pole
7.
Describe how changes in the amount of ice covering Earth's surface can affect Earth's temperature.
a)
more ice, more reflection, cooler temperature
b)
more ice, less reflection, cooler temperature
c)
more ice, more absorption, cooler temperature
d)
more ice, less absorption, warmer temperature
8.
Which gas is the largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming?
a)
CO2
b)
CH4
c)
CFCs
d)
N2O
9.
Which of the following is a positive feedback caused by increased global temperatures?
a)
Melting ice which decreases salinity of global thermohaline circulation.
b)
Increased permafrost melting which increases methane production.
c)
Increased ice melting which increases the albedo of the earth.
d)
Increased ocean acidification which leads to decreased shell-forming by coral.
10.

The role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is to

a)

implement carbon taxes on companies that burn excessive fossil fuels

b)

collect and analyze scientific climate data like that from ice cores

c)

review scientific climate data to assess the current state of climate change

d)

introduce policies to help with mitigation and adaptation strategies

11.

An example of a climate change mitigation strategy is

a)

recycling materials to reduce waste

b)

building structures to protect from rising sea levels

c)

species migration

d)

using drought resistant crops

12.
One way city planners put their decisions into practice is
a)
Zoning
b)
Urbanization
c)
Ecological Restoration
d)
Sprawl
13.
The spread of low-density auto dependent development on rural land out side compact urban centers. 
a)
Urban sprawl
b)
public housing
c)
Slum
d)
Project Housing
14.
A(n) ____________________ is an area in which the temperature is several degrees higher than that of the surrounding area.
a)
Heat Island
b)
Rural Area
c)
Urban Area
d)
Infrastructure
15.
The shift of a population from the countryside to cities is called 
a)
urbanization.
b)
infrastructure.
c)
land preservation.
d)
an ecological footprint.
16.
What causes urban heat islands?
a)
movement of people from farms to cities
b)
lots and lots of people heating their homes
c)
roads and buildings absorb and retain heat longer than vegetation does
d)
soil erosion
17.

Which is a negative effect of urban sprawl?

a)

increased housing costs

b)

reduction of agricultural lands

c)

destruction of habitats

d)

increased costs of infrastructure

18.
The small town of West Fremont has a population of 50,000.  If the growth rate of West Fremont is 2%, then how long will it take for the population of West Fremont to double?
a)
70 years
b)
7 years
c)
35 years
d)
3.5 years
19.
North Fremont’s population growth rate is 5%.  What is the doubling time for North Fremont?
a)
1.4 years
b)
14 years
c)
140 years
d)
35 years
20.
The human population is currently following roughly a j-shaped curve.  This means that the population is growing
a)
arithmetically.
b)
sigmoidally.
c)
at a decreasing rate.
d)
exponentially.
21.
Which describes a country's change in demographics as it begins to transition from a preindustrial to to industrial state?
a)
pop decreases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate increases
b)
pop increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate increases rapidly
c)
pop increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decrease
d)
pop decreases, birth rate remains high, death rate increases dramatically
22.
What is tragedy of the commons?
a)
when chemicals travel up the food chain and pile up in the fatty tissue of larger mammals
b)
when people over harvest an area that is not privately owned and tend to take more than the environment can successfully replace on its own 
c)
when there is a global problem, but everyone sees it as "everyone else's problem"
d)
people tend to feel a greater responsibility to protect land or sea that belongs to everyone compared to if it belongs to an individual or company 
23.
How does carbon dioxide leave the atmosphere?
a)
Through transpiration
b)
Through photosynthesis
c)
Through factory emission
d)
Sunlight
24.
Which of the following is an example of the tragedy of the commons?
a)
manifest destiny
b)
biomagnification
c)
overgrazing of public land
d)
swapping of debt for nature
25.
Use Figure 7-1.  Population A is most likely:
a)
rapidly growing
b)
rapidly declining
c)
stable or close to stable
d)
going to decline in a few decades
26.
A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that
a)
Is expecting rapid growth
b)
Is experiencing slow or no population growth
c)
Is experiencing a high death rate
d)
Is a less-developed country
27.
Use Figure 7-1.  Population A would most likely be in which stage of demographic transition?
a)
Pre-Industrial
b)
Transitional
c)
Industrial
d)
Post-Industrial
28.

The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate of:

a)

the number of children that will survive to adulthood

b)

the number of years a typical infant will live

c)

average number of children born to each female

d)

the number of births per 1000 people per year

29.

Which problems presents the biggest challenge to achieving sustainability?

a)

use of fossil fuels

b)

pollution

c)

population growth

d)

urban sprawl

30.

Carbon dioxide is created by

a)

Combustion of natural gas

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Transpiration

d)

All answers are correct

31.

One effect of ocean acidification is

a)

Coral bleaching

b)

Eutrofication

c)

decrease in the shelled organisms populations

d)

Algal Blooms

32.

As atmospheric CO2 increases, _________ increases causing pH to ____________.

a)

carbonic acid and bicarbonate; increase

b)

carbonic acid and bicarbonate; decrease

c)

calcium carbonate; increase

d)

calcium carbonate; decrease

33.
The process by which the concentration of toxins increases at each successive level of the food chain is:
a)
Bioaccumulation
b)
Genetic Diversity
c)
Overconsumption
d)
Biomagnification
34.
African elephants are poached for their ivory tusks.  The main reason they have become endangered is:
a)
Pollution
b)
Population Growth of Humans
c)
Overconsumption
d)
Invasive species
35.
The biomagnification of which US pesticide in the 1960's and early 1970's was responsible for the decline in bald eagles and brown pelicans?
a)
Methylmercury
b)
PCB's
c)
DDT
d)
Aluminum
36.
Pangolins are illegally hunted, decreasing the population. Their scarcity makes them more valuable, so hunting increases. This is a(n):
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
mutualistic relationship
c)
positive feedback loop
d)
commensalistic relationship
37.
Which of the following forbids the U.S. government and its citizens from harming endangered or threatened species and their habitats?
a)
the Environmental Protection Agency
b)
Species Survival Plan
c)
the Endangered Species Act
d)
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
38.

The largest cause to declining biodiversity is

a)

climate change

b)

overharvesting

c)

habitat loss

d)

pollution

39.
Components that are non-biodegradable & lipid-soluble have a higher risk of  
a)
bioaccumulation
b)
synergistic effects
c)
having a lower LD50
d)
carcinogenic
40.
The geological layer, consisting of underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called
a)
zone of saturation
b)
aquifer
c)
the water table
d)
surface water
41.
Throughout the world, the majority of water is used for
a)
irrigation
b)
industrial uses
c)
humans and animals
d)
cooling towers of power plants
42.

97 % of all water on Earth is in the oceans. Which of the following is the correct order of the Earth’s water storage compartments from largest to smallest?

a)

ocean, atmosphere, lakes, groundwater, rivers, ice caps

b)

ocean, groundwater, rivers, ice caps, atmosphere, lakes

c)

ocean, ice caps, groundwater, lakes, atmosphere, rivers

d)

ocean, lakes, ice caps, groundwater, atmosphere, rivers

43.
Four of the following are disadvantages of dam and reservoir systems; one is not. Choose the one that is not.
a)
Dams and reservoirs disrupt migration of some fish.
b)
Dams and reservoirs displace people behind the dam
c)
Dams and reservoirs lead to devastating flooding if there is a failure.
d)
Dams and reservoirs increases downstream flooding.
44.
Which of the following is not a primary goal of a dam and reservoir?
a)
produce electricity
b)
clean the water supply
c)
supply water for irrigation
d)
reduce downstream flooding
45.

What is the most effective type of irrigation?

a)

center pivot method

b)

flood irrigation

c)

drip irrigation

d)

using sprinklers

46.
The term subsidence refers to
a)
failure of the groundwater supply
b)
accumulation of silt behind a dam
c)
sinking of ground when water has been withdrawn
d)
intrusion of salt water into a freshwater aquifer
47.

Desalination is a promising source of water for some locations because desalination

a)

produces water that can be delivered at a lower cost than many water sources

b)

produces water purer than surface water and approaching the purity of groundwater

c)

requires less energy than transporting water over long distances

d)

is a potential water source for even the most arid coastal area

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