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Concept 6 Review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which statement regarding viruses is true?
a)
a virus can only reproduce inside of a living cell
b)
viruses do not contain DNA
c)
viruses are unicellular
d)
viruses are generally larger than cells
2.
What feature do viruses have in common with animal cells?
a)
ability to form proteins at the ribosomes
b)
existence of lipids in cell membranes
c)
presence of genetic code in nucleic acid
d)
production of energy by a mitochondrion
3.
Which best describes the basic structure of a virus?
a)
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a protein coat
b)
a tail surrounded by a protein coat
c)
a tail surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
d)
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
4.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
5.
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
lytic
b)
mitosis
c)
lysogenic
d)
S phase
6.
What happens in the lytic cyle?
a)
Virus goes in and leaves the host cell
b)
Virus quickly kills the host cell
c)
Virus sleeps inside of the host cell
d)
Virus stay dormant for a long time
7.
What happens in the lysogenic cycle? 
a)
Virus goes in and leaves the host cell
b)
Virus quickly kills the host cell
c)
Virus inject the nucleic acid into the host cell, and the nucleic acid integrates into the host cell DNA, and stay dormant for a long time
d)
Bacteria injects DNA into a host cell
8.
________ is used to prevent viral diseases while _______ are used to kill bacteria. 
a)
vaccine; antibiotics
b)
antibiotics; vaccine
c)
antibiotics; antibiotics
9.
All of these are part of the innate immune response except: 
a)
B cells
b)
mast cells
c)
natural killer cells
d)
macrophages
10.
What is another name for B cells that produce antibodies?
a)
plasma cells
b)
memory cells
c)
natural killer cells
d)
macrophages
11.
These cells bind to antigen presenting cells signaling them to produce cytokines that stimulate B and T cells to divide
a)
helper T cell
b)
mast cell
c)
cytotoxic T cell
d)
plasma cells
12.
The primary purpose of vaccines is to __.
a)
induce inflammation
b)
activate the immune system to produce memory cells
c)
stimulate natural killer cells
d)
initiate the innate immune response
13.

Adaptive immunity depends on

a)

traits common to groups of pathogens.

b)

pathogen-specific recognition

c)

maternal provision of antibodies to offspring

d)

plants being exposed to new pathogens.

14.

A key part of the humoral immune response is

a)

the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells.

b)

the production of antibodies by plasma cells.

c)

perforation of infected host cells by perforin.

d)

the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens.

15.

The receptors on T cells and B cells bind to

a)

antibodies.

b)

antigens

c)

natural killer cells.

d)

immunoglobulins.

16.

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

a)

memory cells.

b)

macrophages.

c)

stem cells.

d)

B cells.

17.

A patient who can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens, but not against viral infections, probably has a disorder in his

a)

B cells

b)

plasma cells.

c)

t cells

d)

macrophages

18.

The activation of helper T cells is likely

a)

when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell.

b)

when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines.

c)

when natural killer (NK) cells come in contact with a tumor cell.

d)

) in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test.

19.

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the humoral immune response?

a)

B cells

b)

neutrophils

c)

natural killer cells

d)

macrophages

20.
Which of the following is not part of the reproduction cycle of HIV? 
a)
Reverse transcription of the viral RNA
b)
Reverse transcription of the viral DNA
c)
Maturation of the viruses
d)
Biosynthesis of the viral mRNA
21.
What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
22.

Operons are found in the cells of which of the following types of organisms?

a)

prokaryotes

b)

eukaryotes

c)

animals only

d)

viruses

23.

The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the

a)

promoter

b)

enhancer

c)

operator

d)

gene

24.
An operon consists of all the the following EXCEPT
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
regulatory gene
d)
genes of the operon
25.

A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase

a)

inducer

b)

repressor

c)

activator

d)

corepressor

26.
A small molecule that binds to a repressor and makes it active
a)
repressor
b)
regulator
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
27.
A small molecule that binds to the repressor and makes it inactive is
a)
corepressor
b)
inducer
c)
promoter
d)
operator
28.

The tryptophan operon is

a)

permanently turned on.

b)

turned on when tryptophan is present in the growth medium.

c)

turned off only when glucose is present in the growth medium.

d)

turned off when tryptophan is added to the growth medium.

29.

In the lac operon model, the genes within the operon will be expressed if

a)

lactose is absent in the cell

b)

glucose is present in the cell

c)

lactose is present in the cell

d)

tryptophan is present

30.

The lac operon is referred to as a(n) __________ operon.

a)

inducible

b)

repressible

c)

audible

d)

inaudible

31.
Which of the following methods of gene regulation do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
a)
Elaborate packing of DNA in chromosomes
b)
Activator and repressor proteins, which bind to DNA
c)
The addition of a cap and tail to mRNA after transcription
d)
The removal of noncoding portions of RNA
32.
What is the role of operons in prokaryote gene expression?
a)
It makes the genes prokaryotes be turned on
b)
It accounts for the regulation of gene activity in response to the needs of the cells
c)
To make DNA for the gene
d)
To make the gene turn of and off
33.
The lac operon genes only become expressed if:
a)
lactose binds to the repressor
b)
glucose binds to the repressor
c)
lactose binds to the operator
d)
the repressor binds to the operator
34.

Which of the numbers above represent the signal reception?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

35.

Which of the numbers above represent the transduction?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

36.

Which of the numbers above represent the response?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

37.

Signaling molecules such as hormones can be lipid soluble or water soluble. What is the difference?

a)

The receptor is on the surface of the cell for the lipid.

b)

The receptor is inside the cell for the water.

c)

The receptor is on the surface of the cell for the water.

d)

There is no difference.

38.

Phosphorylation cascades that involve a series of protein kinases are useful for signal transduction because

a)

They are the signal reception

b)

They have the ability to amplify the original signal

c)

They decrease the number of molecules used

d)

They are species specific

39.

It is 4th hour and your blood glucose levels are dropping out of a homeostatic level, what hormone is released by the pancreas?

a)

glucagon

b)

insulin

40.
What type of receptor would testosterone have?
a)
Intracellular
b)
Membrane
41.
Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?
a)
cAMP
b)
GTP
c)
insulin
d)
epinephrine
42.
1.  Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
43.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
44.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
45.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
46.
a body system that controls growth and homeostasis by secreting hormones from glands.
a)
skeletal system
b)
nervous system
c)
endocrine sytem
d)
integumentary system
47.
Homeostasis in the human body is often maintained by a: 
a)
neutral feedback loop 
b)
solar feedback loop
c)
positive feedback loop
d)
negative feedback loop
48.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
49.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
50.
If the calcium in your blood decreases below homeostasis levels, a gland in the brain will sense the decrease and send a chemical message to your bones. Your bones will release calcium into the blood, bringing blood calcium levels back up.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 

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