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Orbital Motion Review

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which planet in our solar system will have the fastest orbital  speed?
a)
Venus 
b)
Earth 
c)
Saturn 
d)
Mercury 
2.
The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called:
a)
Orbital Speed 
b)
Gravity 
c)
Terminal Velocity 
d)
Inertia 
3.
As mass increases, gravity ________________.
a)
Increases 
b)
Decreases 
c)
Stays the same 
4.
As distance decreases, gravity ___________________.
a)
Increases 
b)
Decreases 
c)
Stays the same 
5.
What are the factors which combine to to keep celestial bodies in orbit? 
a)
Air Resistance and Gravity 
b)
Gravity and Inertia 
c)
Inertia and orbital speed
d)
Orbital speed and gravity 
6.
What did Kepler discover about planets and their orbital speed?
a)
Planets closest to the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
b)
Planets with the greatest mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
c)
Planets furthest from the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.
d)
Planets with the least mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
7.
According to Kepler’s discoveries, planets orbit around the Sun:
a)
in an oval shape.
b)
in perfect circles.
c)
in an ellipse.
d)
in a rectangular shape.
8.
The Earth is closest to the Sun during _______. 
a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion

9.

If it takes the object the same amount of time to move between each dot/letter, what is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?

a)
The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
b)
The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
c)
Both areas are equal in size
d)
There is not enough information to determine the areas
10.

It takes an object 5 months to move from point A to point B. How long will it take the object to move from point G to point J if each purple/white "triangle" have the same areal?

a)

18 months

b)

6 months

c)

2 months

d)

6 years

11.

What does heliocentric mean? 

a)
Earth centered
b)
Helium centered
c)
Sun centered
d)
Proof of the Big Bang
12.
Improved the telescope so that he could study the moons of Jupiter
a)
Galileo
b)
Kepler
c)
Newton
d)
Copernicus
13.

Which term describes the apparent shift in the position of an object when a person views it from different locations?

a)

ellipses

b)

parallax

c)

axis of rotation

d)

parallax problem

14.

Retrograde motion occurs because

a)

planets move on epicycles. 

b)

planets orbit the Sun in the same direction.

c)

Inner planets move faster in their orbit than outer planets

d)

Outer planets rotate quickly on their axes.

15.
Copernicus' important contribution to astronomy was
a)
proving planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits
b)
the theory of gravity
c)
proposing a simpler model for the motions of planets in the solar system
d)
discovering the Sun was not at the center of the Milky Way
16.
Which of Galileo's initial observations was most challenging to established geocentric beliefs?
a)
craters on the Moon
b)
sunspots
c)
lunar maria
d)
satellites of Jupiter?
17.
Based on it's retrograde motion, the large object in this photograph is most likely a 
a)
star
b)
planet
c)
comet
d)
asteroid
18.

How are planets different than stars in the sky?

a)

Planets’ move compared to other objects in the sky; stars don’t

b)

Planets twinkle; stars don’t

c)

Planets are on the ecliptic; stars aren’t

d)

Planets move westward in the sky at night; stars move eastward

19.

What causes retrograde motion?

a)

Inner planets passing outer planets.

b)

The planet is orbiting Earth

c)

Earth rotates counterclockwise

d)

Planets orbit in little circles along a larger orbit

20.

A planet at position 2 is __.

a)

Superior Configuration

b)

Inferior Configuration

c)

Opposition

d)

Greatest Elongation

e)

Quadrature

21.

When Mars is biggest, brightest and easiest to see at night, it is in position (a)   .

22.

In which position would a planet rise before dawn, peak at late morning and set in the afternoon.

(a)  

23.

A planet at position 8 has an elongation of (a)   degrees.

24.

A planet at positions 1, 2, or 5 has an elongation of (a)   degrees.

25.

In which position would Saturn be seen high in the sky at sunset?

(a)  

26.

A planet at positions 6 or 7 has an elongation of (a)   degrees.

27.

A planet at position 8 is __.

a)

Superior Configuration

b)

Inferior Configuration

c)

Opposition

d)

Greatest Elongation

e)

Quadrature

28.

What is it called when a planet is in position 4?

a)

Superior Configuration

b)

Inferior Configuration

c)

Opposition

d)

Greatest Elongation

e)

Quadrature

29.

What time of day would Mercury transit at position 5?

a)

Noon

b)

Midnight

c)

Sunset

d)

Sunrise

e)

Quadrature

30.

A planet at position 1 is __.

a)

Conjunction

b)

Something else

c)

Opposition

d)

Greatest Elongation

e)

Quadrature

31.

What time of day is a planet at position 6 in transit?

a)

sunrise

b)

sunset

c)

noon

d)

midnight

e)

3 pm

32.

What time of day is a planet at position 6 in transit?

a)

sunrise

b)

sunset

c)

noon

d)

midnight

e)

3 pm

33.

A planet at position 1 TRANSITS and will appear ____.

a)

at night...bigger

b)

at noon ...smaller

c)

at sunset... bigger

d)

in the afternoon ...smaller

e)

before dawn

34.

The daily rising and setting of planets is caused by ___.

a)

Earth's rotation counterclockwise

b)

Earth passing the planet in its orbit

c)

The planet orbiting Earth

d)

Planets moving on the inner portion of their epicycle

35.

When a planet is "in retrograde", it ...

a)

causes unusual behavior in people who have specific zodiac signs

b)

it is farther from the Earth than any other time in its orbit

c)

It appears to move in the opposite direction compared to the stars (compared to the Sun and its normal direction)

d)

it rises in the west and sets in the east

36.

Which of the following supports heliocentricity?

There are 3.

a)

Venus has phases as seen from Earth

b)

Jupiter has moons that orbit it and not Earth

c)

Planets and stars seem to move around Earth because the rise on one side and set on the other side

d)

Planets' retrograde motion

e)

Historical perspectives on Earth's position in cosmology

37.

Mercury appears biggest at ____ and smallest at ____

a)

inferior conjunction; superior conjunction

b)

conjunction; opposition

c)

greatest elongation; smallest elongation

d)

superior conjunction; opposition

38.

Venus appears brightest and most visible during the nighttime when it is at ____.

a)

opposition

b)

superior conjuntion

c)

inferior conjunction

d)

greatest elongation

e)

retrograde motion

39.

According to Copernicus, Saturn could be seen in the middle of the night and during the day time, so Saturn must be ___.

a)

outside of Earth's orbit

b)

inside of Earth's orbit.

c)

between Earth and the Sun

d)

bigger than Earth

40.

How did Copernicus explain the apparent daily motion of the Sun and Moon (and the retrograde motion of the planets.)

a)

He said it was due to Earth's motion.

b)

He said it was because they were orbiting Earth.

c)

He said it was because Earth was the center of their gravity.

d)

He said ti was because they are closer to Earth than stars.

41.

If an object has an eccentricity of 1, then it's orbit is ___.

a)

outside of Earth's orbit

b)

nearly circular

c)

very elongated

d)

very slow

42.

The eccentricity of planet A is 0.26. The eccentricity of planet B is 0.08. What do we know about planet A.

a)

Planet A is bigger than B.

b)

Planet A is farther from its star than B

c)

Planet A's orbit is more elongated.

d)

Planet A is moving slower than panet B

43.

If an asteroid has a semi-major axis of 5 AU, then it will always be 5AU from the Sun

a)

true

b)

false

44.

Compared to closer planets, planets that are farther from the Sun will ___

a)

have longer periods.

b)

have more eccentric orbits.

c)

move faster

d)

be smaller

45.

Jupiter is much larger than its moon, Europa. The center of gravity between Jupiter and Europa is

a)

much closer to Jupiter (within Jupiter)

b)

much closer to Europa

c)

at Jupiter's core/center

d)

half way between to two.

46.

Which letter represents the position where the planet will move the slowest?

(a)  

47.

The major axis is the distance from

a)

the Sun to b

b)

b to c

c)

a to c

d)

e around to e again

e)

half of the distance from a to C

48.

Which letter represents the position of perigee (perihelion)?

(a)  

49.

Kepler's law about "equal areas in equal time" tells us that orbiting objects

a)

move faster when they are closer

b)

have shorter periods when they have shorter average distance

c)

orbit in an ellipse

d)

have greater gravity when they are closer

50.

Which will have a bigger force of gravity on the Earth

a)

Jupiter because its big

b)

Saturn because it is far

c)

the Moon because its closest

d)

The Mercury because it is moving the fastest

51.

Planets move fastest at perihelion because

a)

the mass of the Sun and the planet are spread out over the smallest distance.

b)

The force of gravity is greater (causing accelleration)

c)

It has more acceleration because it is farther from the Sun

d)

the planet has inertia

e)

the planet has less friction at perihelion

52.

If an asteroid has a semi-major axis of 5 AU and its foci are 1 AU apart, then its eccentricity is

a)
0.1
b)

5 AU

c)

10 AU

d)

0.2

e)

5

53.

If an asteroid has a semi-major axis of 5 AU and its foci are 1 AU apart, then its major axis is

a)

5 AU

b)

10 AU

c)

0.1 AU

d)

0.5 AU

54.

If an asteroid has a semi-major axis of 5 AU and its foci are 2 AU apart, then it's perihelion distance is

a)

not able to be determined with this information

b)

4 AU

c)

8 AU

d)

10 AU

e)

2 AU

55.

If an asteroid has a semi-major axis of 8 AU, then it's period is (a)   years.

Round your answer to the tenths position

56.

What is the force of gravity between two asteroids if one is 4 x 1010 kg and the other is 6 x 1015 kg and the distance between them is 80,000,000 m? (G=6.67 x 10-11) Give your answer in Newtons.

Write your answer as a.b x 10^cc

(a)