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Sociology Exam Review

Total questions: 101

Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Your teacher would be in your...

a)

Primary Group

b)

Secondary Group

2.

Which of these are norms?

a)

Mores

b)

Taboos

c)

Laws

d)

Folkways

e)

All of the above

3.

Son, brother, student, athlete, and musician are all examples of

a)

Statuses

b)

Roles

4.

Working hard is a common

a)

Value

b)

Status

5.

Someone in the __________has more status than someone in the middle class.

a)

Upper Class

b)

Lower Class

6.

Losing your job, home, car, and getting a divorce would likely result in....

a)

Downward mobility

b)

Upward mobility

7.
which of the following methods would be useful if you wanted to find out the politial view of  1000 people
a)
interview 
b)
case study 
c)
survey 
d)
field research
8.
all people having speified characteristics
a)
sample
b)
population
c)
correlation
d)
group
9.
a relationship between two variables.
a)
case study
b)
correlation
c)
characteristic
d)
corraboration
10.
a thorough frequently long-term study of a person, group, or incident
a)
qualitative research
b)
quantitative research
c)
case study
d)
secondary analysis
11.
a testable statement of relationships among well defined variables
a)
secondary analysis
b)
guiding question
c)
causation
d)
hypothesis
12.
Which perspective would most likely suggest that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power? 
a)
functionalist
b)
conflict
c)
interactionist
d)
feminist
13.
The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called
a)
sociological imagination
b)
anthropology
c)
theory
d)
verstehen
14.
Which of the following is considered a cultural universal?
a)
athletic sports
b)
war
c)
money restrictions
d)
none of these
15.
Which perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy the certain basic social needs? 
a)
functionalist
b)
conflict
c)
interactionist
d)
global
16.
PRIMARY GROUP
a)
VERY LITTLE POWER
b)
NO CHOICE
c)
CLOSE, PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
d)
"THEY"
17.
SECONDARY GROUP
a)
FRIENDLY BUT IMPERSONAL
b)
"THEY"
c)
YOU JOIN WILLINGLY
d)
VERY LITTLE POWER
18.
REFERENCE GROUP
a)
DIFFERENT SOCIAL CLASSES
b)
"THEY"
c)
"WE"
d)
COMPARISON
19.
In studying social deviance & crime, which perspective focuses on how a deviant person learned their deviant behavior (socialization)?
a)
Functionalism
b)
Conflict Theory
c)
Symbolic Interactionism
d)
None of these
20.
Mary, a white American, recently began dating an African American man at her college.  This behavior fails to conform to her mother’s expectations for Mary’s behavior.  As a result, Mary’s mother is likely to enact _____, such as not inviting Mary’s boyfriend to visit or saying something disapproving to Mary.  Which of these terms correctly fills the blank above?
a)
Ageism
b)
Sanctions
c)
Norms
d)
Social Class
21.
Indian culture includes a variety of aspects, including traditional religion, caste & family structures, Indian cuisine, Indian music, and several hundred languages using the Sanskrit script.  Noticeable features of this culture include yoga, Hinduism, & elaborate wedding rituals.  Which of these statements defines “culture”?
a)
An image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people.
b)
The knowledge, values, customs, & physical objects that are shared by members of a society.
c)
Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior.
d)
The process of learning to participate in a group.
22.
Andy is a son, husband, & father.  He is also a neighbor, youth baseball coach, employee, & supervisor.  Which of these terms means “A position a person occupies within a social structure”?
a)
Status
b)
Self-concept
c)
Secondary Group
d)
Culture
23.
Despite his stated priorities, Andy spends over forty hours per week with his work crew, a secondary group of 10 men & women who work together on an assembly line.  Which of these statements defines “secondary group”?
a)
A group of people who are emotionally close, know one another well, & seek one another's company.
b)
A group of people with physical or cultural traits different from those of the dominant group in the society.
c)
The ranking of people or groups according to their unequal access to scarce resources.
d)
A group of people who share only part of their lives while focusing on a goal or task.
24.
People in a romantic relationship are expected to not engage in romantic activities with other people.  This expectation is a social norm.  Which of these terms means “Behavior that departs from societal or group norms”?
a)
Sanctions
b)
Stratification
c)
Deviance
d)
Crime
25.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sex and gender?
a)
Sex refers to behaviors of a sexual nature, while gender refers to an individual’s unique genetic inheritance.
b)
Sex refers to a person’s biological characteristics, while gender refers to socially constructed patterns of behavior associated with that sex.
c)
There is no difference between sex and gender.
d)
None of these describe the relationship between sex and gender.
26.
The process of learning to participate in a group is called _______.
a)
Culture
b)
Reflex
c)
Conflict
d)
Socialization
27.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a total institution?
a)
Prison
b)
Mental Institute
c)
Military boot-camp
d)
Public library
28.
A violent acting crowd
a)
Riot
b)
Panic
c)
Rumor
d)
Urban Legend
29.
 A long term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change.
a)
Social Movements
b)
Reactionary movement
c)
Conservation movement
d)
Revolutionary movement
30.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a symbol?
a)
A wedding ring on the left hand
b)
A bell ringing at lunchtime
c)
Pulling away upon touching a hot stove.
d)
Your school mascot
31.
What are symbols?
a)
Formally defined norms enforced by officials.
b)
Things that stand for or represent something else.
c)
Ideas about the nature of reality.
d)
A norm that is formally defined & enforced by officials.
32.
Patterns and beliefs differ noticeably from those of the dominant culture 
a)
Ethnocentrism
b)
Subcultures
c)
Mores
d)
Taboo
33.

When Buddy the Elf eats gum from the railing he is breaking this type of norm.

a)

sanction

b)

more

c)

folkway

d)

taboo

34.
Central to the American way of life because they are widespread, have endured over time, and reflect many people’s strong feelings.
a)
Norms
b)
Values
c)
Taboo
d)
Mores
35.
________ can either be positive (rewards) or negative (punishments) and can arise from either formal or informal control. 
a)
sanction
b)
more
c)
folkway
d)
taboo
36.
Cultural pattern, traits, elements that exists in every society
a)
Cultural Universal
b)
Culture Lag
c)
Cultural Relativity
d)
Culture Shock
37.
Norms that have great moral significance attached to them 
a)
mores
b)
norms
c)
folkways
d)
society
38.
Physical objects created by human groups 
a)
nonmaterial culture
b)
material culture
c)
society
d)
culture
39.
Written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by the government
a)
mores
b)
values
c)
laws
d)
society
40.
Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations 
a)
mores
b)
folkways
c)
norms
d)
culture
41.
Abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems
a)
material culture
b)
nonmaterial culture
c)
values
d)
laws
42.
This theory believes that through peoples interactions symbols are created that become part of society.
a)
Symbolic Interactionism Theory
b)
Social Conflict Theory
c)
Structural-Functional Theory
d)
None of the above
43.
1.  Who is the British Sociologist that came up with the term Social Darwinism _____________________.
a)
Robert Merton
b)
Talcott Parsons
c)
Herbert Spencer
d)
None of these
44.
She was one of the first female sociologists and focused on the inequalities between the sexes.
a)
Jane Adams
b)
Emile Durkheim
c)
Harriet Martineau
d)
None of these
45.
A French philosopher who is considered the “Father of Sociology” and believed in establishing social laws.
a)
Auguste Comte
b)
Talcott Parsons
c)
Karl Marx
d)
None of these
46.
He was an American sociologist who believed the reason for poverty among minorities was the prejudice and discrimination in the U.S. He was also the first African American to receive a PHD from Harvard.
a)
John Bellamy Foster
b)
W.E.B. Debois
c)
Donald Trump
d)
None of these
47.
According to Durkheim, the social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent is called
a)
retreatism
b)
starin
c)
anomie
d)
ritualism
48.
Which of the following is true concerning deviant behavior?
a)
Primary deviance usually leads to secondary deviance.
b)
What is considered deviant in one society may not be considered deviant in another society.
c)
Deviant behavior is also illegal behavior.
d)
Adults learn deviant behavior more quickly than children.
49.
Which of the following is an example of a formal social sanction?
a)
bullying someone
b)
receiving an award
c)
gossiping about someone
d)
giving a hand shake
50.
A computer operator figures out a way to steal from the bank where he works by sending money to
a secret account. This is an example of
a)
retreatism.
b)
control theory.
c)
labeling theory.
d)
white-collar crime.
51.
A young high-school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison, the individual is helped to obtain his high-school equivalency diploma. This increases his chances of getting a good job when he is released, and is an example of
a)
recidivism.
b)
rehabilitation.
c)
rebellion.
d)
ritualism.
52.
Which of the following is an example of an informal social sanction?
a)
school awards
b)
detention
c)
gossip
d)
expulsion
53.
Repeated criminal behavior
a)
Innovation
b)
Rebellion
c)
Recidicism
d)
Anomie
54.
Crime committed by individuals of high status in the course of their professional lives
a)
Victimless Crimes
b)
White-Collar Crimes
c)
Organized Crime
d)
Violent Crimes
55.
This sociological perspective can be represented by a child's mobile, in that any change in one part of society affects all other parts.
a)
Functionalism
b)
Conflict Theory
c)
Symbolic Interactionism
56.
Which of these illustrates conformity within a group?
a)
I stand and cheer at a football game along with my friends.
b)
An older woman with Alzheimer's cannot remember her daughter's name.
c)
An immigrant to the USA refuses to learn or use English.
d)
A worker refuses to join his union when they go on strike against the company.
57.
An image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people
a)
looking-glass self
b)
significant other
c)
self-concept
d)
"me"
58.
Those people whose reactions are most important to your self-concept
a)
Mass Media
b)
Generalized others
c)
self-concept
d)
significant others
59.
The process that teaches the norms, values, and other aspects of a culture to new group members.
a)
Internalization
b)
Socalization
c)
Primary Socialization
d)
Secondary Socialization
60.
When a person is a resident of a total institution, the first step in attempting to change the person is  
a)
desocialization.
b)
resocialization.
c)
role-taking. 
d)
anticipatory socialization.
61.
learning to participate in group life
a)
socialization
b)
rites of passage
c)
mass media
d)
total institutions
62.
process of giving up old values, beliefs, and behaviors
a)
desocialization
b)
self-concept
c)
mass media
d)
peer group
63.
unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school
a)
hidden curriculum
b)
rites of passage
c)
role taking
d)
peer group
64.
Breaking with past experiences and learning new values and mores
a)
Resocialization
b)
Internalization
c)
Socialization
d)
Assimilation
65.
Movement to an upper or lower social class due to occupation
a)
Horizontal mobility
b)
Vertical mobility
c)
Intergenerational mobility
d)
Intragenerational mobility
66.
Movement to an upper or lower social class over the course of a generation through children is also called...
a)
Horizontal mobility
b)
Vertical mobility
c)
Intergenerational mobility
d)
Intragenerational mobility
67.
Identify the dimension of power indicated by:
Respect given to a doctor
a)
Prestige
b)
Power 
c)
Economic
68.
The absence of enough money to secure life's necessities
a)
Absolute poverty
b)
Relative poverty
69.
Inadequate income compared to the average
a)
Absolute poverty
b)
Relative poverty
70.
What is social stratification?
a)
The movement of individuals or groups between social classes.
b)
A segment of society whose members hold similar amounts of resources and share an identifiable lifestyle.
c)
The ranking of people/groups according to their unequal access to scarce resources.
d)
The ability to control the behavior of others.
71.
What is an aggregate?
a)
Two or more connected people.
b)
A small group whose members have a very close relationship over a long period of time.
c)
A group that is larger and less loving; often temporary and formed to do a job.
d)
A group of people sharing the same physical space, but don't think of themselves as a group.
72.
A custom in a society that is followed by the "polite" people.
a)
Norms
b)
Values
c)
Folkways
d)
Mores
73.
An idea or belief about the "goodness" or "badness" of a person, thing, situation, or action
a)
Norms
b)
Values
c)
Taboo
d)
Mores
74.
The kind of behavior a person is supposed to have in specific groups or societies.  People often have many of these.
a)
Law
b)
Status
c)
Role
d)
Rule
75.
The ability to control others and to carry out your will - even if they don't agree - is called...
a)
Laws
b)
Caste
c)
Status
d)
Power
76.
"Girls are not as strong as boys" and "People who wear glasses are nerds" are examples of... 
a)
Status
b)
Stereotype
c)
Power
d)
Racism
77.

Coined the term "Sociological Imagination"

a)

Auguste Comte

b)

C. Wright Mills

c)

Karl Marx

d)

Emile Durkheim

78.

Sociological study in which one person is studied in depth and it may or may not apply to other people.

a)

experiment

b)

observation

c)

case study

d)

secondary analysis

e)

survey

79.

Sociological study in which there is a control group and a treatment group.

a)

experiment

b)

observation

c)

case study

d)

secondary analysis

e)

survey

80.

Sociological study in which people are simply watched- often in their natural environment.

a)

experiment

b)

observation

c)

case study

d)

secondary analysis

e)

survey

81.

Sociological study in which people are simply asked questions.

a)

experiment

b)

observation

c)

case study

d)

secondary analysis

e)

survey

82.

Focused on class struggle in societies which led to the Conflict Perspective.

a)

Auguste Comte

b)

C. Wright Mills

c)

Karl Marx

d)

Emile Durkheim

83.

Did a major study on suicide and coined the term "anomie" among many other contributions to sociology.

a)

Auguste Comte

b)

C. Wright Mills

c)

Karl Marx

d)

Emile Durkheim

84.

Sociological study in which already collected data is used.

a)

experiment

b)

observation

c)

case study

d)

secondary analysis

e)

survey

85.

Helped the poor of Chicago by creating Hull House.

a)

Harriet Martineau

b)

Jane Addams

c)

Max Weber

d)

W.E.B. DuBois

86.

Said Sociologists must have "verstehen" which is the ability to see things from another person's point of view.

a)

Harriet Martineau

b)

Jane Addams

c)

Max Weber

d)

W.E.B. DuBois

87.

This can be positive or negative and shows that there is a relationship between two variables.

a)

causation

b)

correlation

c)

interaction

d)

experimentation

88.

This shows that one variable causes another.

a)

causation

b)

correlation

c)

interaction

d)

experimentation

89.

Eating when hungry is an example of a...

a)

need

b)

reflex

c)

instinct

d)

drive

90.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says...

a)

the language we speak affects how we perceive reality

b)

we perceive ourselves based on how we think others perceive us

c)

the working class accepts the idea that hard work and talent leads to success even though this concept really serves to keep the powerful in power

d)

we will run out of food because population grows exponentially and food production grows arithmetically

91.

The Looking Glass Self says...

a)

the language we speak affects how we perceive reality

b)

we perceive ourselves based on how we think others perceive us

c)

the working class accepts the idea that hard work and talent leads to success even though this concept really serves to keep the powerful in power

d)

we will run out of food because population grows exponentially and food production grows arithmetically

92.

False Consciousness says...

a)

the language we speak affects how we perceive reality

b)

we perceive ourselves based on how we think others perceive us

c)

the working class accepts the idea that hard work and talent leads to success even though this concept really serves to keep the powerful in power

d)

we will run out of food because population grows exponentially and food production grows arithmetically

93.

Malthusian Theory says...

a)

the language we speak affects how we perceive reality

b)

we perceive ourselves based on how we think others perceive us

c)

the working class accepts the idea that hard work and talent leads to success even though this concept really serves to keep the powerful in power

d)

we will run out of food because population grows exponentially and food production grows arithmetically

94.

An emotional crowd ready to use violence for a specific purpose.

a)

gang

b)

mob

c)

riot

d)

acting crowd

95.

While capital punishment fails to accomplish this goal of the criminal justice system ___________, it does accomplish this goal __________________.

a)

retribution, incarceration

b)

incarceration, deterrence

c)

deterrence, recidivism

d)

deterrence, retribution

96.

Which statement best describes how deviance affects norms?

a)

deviance can change norms because the group/society accepts the deviant behavior

b)

deviance can strengthen norms because the group/society uses sanctions to enforce the norms by punishing the deviant

c)

both are true

d)

neither is true

97.

Which statement best describes how Sociology deals with religion?

a)

Sociology avoids the study of religion in an effort to be accepting to diverse ideas.

b)

Sociology studies religion to examine the beliefs and determine which are most likely to be true.

c)

Sociology studies religion in an effort to promote the majority beliefs.

d)

Sociology studies religion in order to determine its affect on a given society.

98.

The fact that businesses were once closed on Sunday but most are now open is an example of...

a)

secularization

b)

deviance

c)

fundamentalism

d)

taboo

99.

Set apart, special, having properties beyond its physical existence.

a)

Profane

b)

Secular

c)

Sacred

d)

Mystical

100.

About what percentage of marriages in America end in divorce?

a)

25

b)

40

c)

50

d)

60

101.

This is why it is unlikely that Social Security will be done away with by the US government.

a)

many people feel bad for the elderly and want to help them.

b)

"gray power"

c)

politicians want to do the right thing

d)

it would be unconstitutional

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