On average students need 40-160 repetitions of a word to truly master that word.

Dictionary definitions and memorization are the best ways for students to master vocabulary.

Sentence starters are a tool to help students show the content they have learned and model proper written grammar and syntax.

Performance assessments, portfolios, and authentic assessments are all examples of effective ways to assess EL students.

Exemplars and model papers should not be used as that provides incentives for students to copy.

Rubrics should be explicitly taught and explained prior to the assessment.

Teachers should be gathering daily evidence of learning and using it to plan instruction.

Sentence starters should be saved until summative assessments so students can practice writing independently on lower stakes assessments

Key concepts should be highlighted throughout the lesson orally and in writing.