Q2. Why are macro nutrients special?

Q3. Why does your body need lipids?

Q4. In June of 2011, what replaced the food pyramid, which symbolized the types of food people should consume?

White-nose syndrome is an emerging disease that affects North American bats. The disease is named for a white fungal growth around the muzzles and the wings of hibernating bats. It was first identified in 2006 in a cave in New York State, but it has since spread rapidly across the United States. No treatment is known and some species have declined by more than 90% as a result of the disease.The Kentucky State Park is very concerned about the health of their 6 bat colonies and began counting the bats in each colony once a year. Below are the results for 2007, 2008, and 2009.

Q5.What was the mean number of bats in 2008 for the six colonies in the park?

White-nose syndrome is an emerging disease that affects North American bats. The disease is named for a white fungal growth around the muzzles and the wings of hibernating bats. It was first identified in 2006 in a cave in New York State, but it has since spread rapidly across the United States. No treatment is known and some species have declined by more than 90% as a result of the disease.The Kentucky State Park is very concerned about the health of their 6 bat colonies and began counting the bats in each colony once a year. Below are the results for 2007, 2008, and 2009

Q6. What was the median number of bats in 2009 for the six colonies in the park?

Use the energy pyramid to answer the question.

Q7. How is energy produced by primary producers?

Q8. The following two hypotheses have been shown in multiple studies to be true:

I. Increasing the temperature of Solvent A allows all dissolvable solutes to dissolve faster.

II. Substance A is dissolvable in Solvent A, while Substance B is not.

Given these two hypotheses, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Q9.When a person reaches out and touches a hot pan, the __________ system is triggered and activates the __________ system to move the hand away. Fill in the blanks.

Q10. Two mice mate and produce offspring; the female mouse has the genotype (gg) which is the phenotype for white fur color, while the male mouse has the genotype (Gg) which is the phenotype for grey fur color.

Use the Punnett square to calculate the probability that these two mice will produce an offspring with white fur.

Q11. DNA is an abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is hereditary material that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live, and reproduce. DNA is found inside the cell nucleus of virtually all organisms, and it is passed down from parents to children. Information is stored in DNA as a code that is made up of four chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The sequence of these bases determines the information available for building an organism.

DNA can best be compared to:

Q12. Climate change has been a topic debated by scientists for several years. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) glossary definition of climate is: the “average weather,” or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The table below was compiled in order to study climate change in Northern Canada.

Calculate the climate in Northern Canada over the most recent 10 years by finding the mean temperature from the table.

Q13. A study was carried out involving the heart rates of 2 subjects, one with previous cycling training and one who self-reported living a sedentary lifestyle. The subjects’ heart rates were measured during 15 minutes of cycling. The graph below depicts the heart rate of each individual as the work rate increased.

Which of the following conclusions can be inferred from the data depicted in the graph?

Q14. Peter hypothesizes that if students switch from a cereal breakfast to a high-protein breakfast, their grades will improve. The steps of his experiment are given below. Arrange the steps in the correct order from first to last to give the best experimental design.

Q15. The average diameter of a healthy male’s aorta, the largest artery in the body, is 36 mm. If 1 meter is equal to 1000 millimeters, what is the average diameter of the human male’s aorta in meters?

Q16. Mia believed that meditating for 14 days in a row would make students happier. To test her hypothesis she did an experiment with 40 students from her class. She provided each of these students with an app that guides users through a 5, 10, or 15 minute meditation.She divided the 40 students into 2 groups of 20. She asked each group to use the app once a day for 14 days. She asked Group #1 to do the 5 minute meditation and asked Group #2 to do the 10 minute meditation. After the fourteenth day she gave the 40 students a survey that is designed to measure happiness levels.

The survey results showed both groups at very similar happiness levels, with Group #1 registering slightly more happiness. Based on the results of this experiment, she concluded that doing 14 days of mediation does not make students happier.

After Mia presented the results to her class, her teacher told her that she made an error in designing her experiment. What was the most likely error?

Q17. Sustainable agriculture is the act of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. Unsustainable agriculture involves practices that can cause long-term damage to soil over time. This includes too much tillage that can lead to erosion, as well as irrigation without adequate drainage (leading to salinization). Long-term experiments have provided some of the best data on how various practices affect soil properties essential to sustainability. In the United States, the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service specializes in providing technical and financial assistance for those interested in pursuing natural resource conservation and production agriculture as compatible goals. The most important factors for an individual farm are sun, air, soil, nutrients and water. Of the four, water and soil quality and quantity are most amenable to human intervention through time and labor.

Which sentence from the paragraph supports the idea that human beings are responsible for damage to sustainable agriculture?

Q18. As part of a study on how skin type and redness correlate when exposed to different amounts of UV light, a scientist set up an experiment to see how much redness occurred on various skin types. The scientist classified 100 people into six different categories of skin type, then exposed them to increasingly higher doses of UV light and recorded the level of redness that appeared on the skin.

Which is an independent variable and which is a dependent variable in this experiment?

Q19. Use the table to answer questions 19 & 20

Hypothesis: If more energy is derived from renewable resources (wind, solar, and water) annually, there will be less energy derived from coal; therefore CO2 emissions will decrease annually.

Is the hypothesis supported by the data in the table?

Q20. The table provided suggests that decreasing the percentage of coal used for energy annually correlates with an increase in CO2 emissions. Given that the processing of coal is the primary contributor to CO2 emissions in the US, which of the following statements may explain the trend shown in the data table?

Q21. A cladogram is a diagram that organizes species into groups based on their similarities. It also shows evolutionary relationships among the groups.

Based on the information in this cladogram, which of these statements is true?

Q22. Cold brew coffee is one of the fastest growing trends in coffee houses across the USA. It is typically made by mixing fresh ground coffee with cold water and letting it brew for 12 to 24 hours. One coffee house came up with the idea of injecting nitro-us gas into the cold brewed coffee, thinking that it might improve the taste. As they tried out this new idea, they found out that the pressure of the nitrous gas had a dramatic effect on the flavor of the coffee. At that point they decided to run an experiment with 3 batches of coffee, in an effort to find the amount of pressure that produces the best tasting coffee. The chart provided shows the procedures that they followed for each of the batches.

What was the error in the design of their experiment?

Q23. A lake contains many fish that local bears consume. What would be the consequence of an algae bloom killing off a large portion of the fish population?

Q24. Two mice mate and produce offspring. Both of the mice have the genotype (Gg) which is the phenotype for grey fur color. Use a Punnett square to calculate the probability that these two mice will produce an offspring with white fur (gg).

Q25. The healthy human body sweats when it becomes overheated in order to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following describes the feedback method used by a healthy human to regulate body temperature first in warm surroundings and then in cold surroundings?