One of the most important geographic tools.

An area of the earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic, a unique location or position on Earth's surface.

To explain why different places are interrelated, geographers use three basic concepts

The relationship between the portion of Earth study and the Earth as a whole...

Which of the following is the LARGEST scale?

In which map is distance most severely distorted?

The science/art of mapmaking.

Coined the word geography

A system that determines the precise position of something on the earth.

Captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data and can generate a map based on multiple layers of data.

Acquisition of data about the Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the Earth or from other long-distance methods like high-altitude balloons, aerial photography, etc.

Which map is SMALLER in scale?

This scale is expressed by

This scale is expressed by

This scale is expressed by

Which is the SMALLEST SCALE?

Which projection?

Which projection?

Which projection?

Which projection?

Which projection?

With this map, low latitudes are accurate, but high latitudes are distorted.

With this map, directions are accurate, but distances are distorted.

With this map, distances are accurate, but directions are distorted.

This map best illustrates the Great Circle Route.

Since this map is normally projected on the Polar regions, mid-latitudes and high-latitudes have fewer distortions.

Textbooks use this projection because sizes and shapes of landmasses are preserved; however, oceans are interrupted and the proximity of landmasses are distorted.

Textbooks often use this projection because all types of distortions are minimized; however, this projection includes every type of distortion.

All of the following are map distortions EXCEPT...

A meridian is all of the following EXCEPT...

A parallel is all of the following EXCEPT...

What is the absolute location of Denver, Colorado?

Which place does NOT have a mid-latitude absolute location?

All of the following are true about time zones EXCEPT...

Geographers identify a location three ways:

A place name is known as a

The physical character of a place like climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation.

The location of a place relative to other places; it can be used to find an unfamiliar place or an improved understanding of a location's importance.

The precise position of a place or feature on the Earth's surface.

An area of the earth defined by one or more characteristics.

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.

The geographer most closely identified with the concept of cultural landscape.

An area within which everyone shares in common one or more [predominant or universal] distinctive characteristics; it is based on a common characteristic that is measurable with data/ facts; can be verified at any time.

An area organized around a node or focal point. The characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at the center focus or node and diminishes in importance outward.

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from people’s informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought

An internal representation of Earth’s surface that depicts what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place or where a place is located.

An election map that shows states the predominantly voted Republican and predominantly voted Democrat.

Which statement describes the relationship between the three maps?

The American South would be considered a

The distribution network for USA Today newspaper.

A region of a predominant religious group.

Los Angeles and its surrounding suburbs

A region that has a temperate climate.

A map that shows different Latino ethnic groups in Chicago.

A map that show different television market areas in the United States.

The Rust Belt

The Sun Belt

The Middle East

“Culture is the agent, nature is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result," best describes

Which of the following are fundamental elements of culture?

If the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature within a region, this is known as a

Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude or a highway map; maps are used for locating and navigating between places; most of the earliest maps were used for navigation.

Maps that assign space by the size of some datum.

A map in which the size of a chosen symbol - such as a circle or triangle indicates the relative magnitude of some statistical value for a given geographic region.

Maps that use arrows that determine movement such as migration trends; thicker arrows indicate a larger quantity of movement than thinner arrows.

Maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as population, crimes, car accidents, births, etc.

maps that use contour lines that represent quantities of equal value and are familiar to those who use topographic maps for navigation

map that uses tones[shades] or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit data.

Which of the following is NOT a thematic map?

Which of the following is NOT a reference map?

the relation between the portion of the earth being studied and the earth as a whole.

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

the scale of the world is shrinking, not literally in size, as a result of...

the reduction in time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved transportation systems and communication systems.

the connectedness of a node in the world economy to other nodes along networks, on Earth.

Globalization has led to all of the following EXCEPT...

Which of the following cities is NOT one of the three global cities that are NOT one of the three global financial centers?

processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world-economy;

processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology; and generate less wealth than core processes in the world-economy

Which region has scene a decline in factory jobs since the globalization sped up, starting in the 1990s?

the spatial expression of a popular custom in one location will be similar to another, uniformity of cultural beliefs and forms, products, religion, language, etc.

Globalization has led to...

the physical gap in interval between two objects

arrangement of a feature in space is known as its...

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main properties of spatial distribution?

the frequency with which something occurs in space.

extent of how a feature is spread over space

how objects are geometrically organized in space; patterns can be linear, centralized, or random distribution.

Which statement best describes the distribution of the two figures?

Since population has not changed much in the United States since 1990, what statement best describes the population distribution of the United States?

Which statement is NOT true about the three diagrams?

The system of townships, ranges, and sections established by the Land Ordinance of 1785 is another example of a

a place, region, or node from which a phenomenon or innovation originates.

process by which a characteristic spreads [an idea, a crop, an artifact, a good, language, religion, technology, etc] across space from one place to another over time.

the spread of a characteristic/ innovation through physical movement of people from one place to another.

Spread of a characteristic/ innovation from persons of authority or power to other persons or places (Leapfrogs people/areas).

Rapid, wavelike/widespread diffusion of a cultural phenomenon throughout the population.

A cultural trait is spread from political leaders, socially elite people, other important or talented people, or even from large urban areas to the masses [non-elites] or to rural areas.

the spread of an innovation, idea, cultural trait, or any cultural phenomenon from a lower level of hierarchy to a higher level of hierarchy.

This type of diffusion takes place when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea or principle is accepted.

distance itself hinders interaction between places, the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance.

the reduction in time for something to reach another place due to improved forms of infrastructure [transportation and communication systems] and greater connectivity.

The effects of distance on interaction, generally, the greater the distance, the less interaction; the diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

the use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

One of the two major divisions of systematic geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of Earth's natural phenomena [nature] such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography.

One of two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of the human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes.

distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer.

the measure of distance that includes the cost of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating places; describes the amount of social, cultural, or economic connectivity between places; exp. time distance.

- the belief that the physical environment causes social development. A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities. Overall, the majority of the geography community has rejected this theory from the late 20th century to the present day.

- belief that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment and can choose a course of action from many alternatives in the physical environment. In the late 20th century, the majority of the geography community began to embrace this belief as scholars chipped away at earlier dominant geographic beliefs and theories.