WorksheetsEarth Structure
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
what are the types of seismic waves?
P waves
S waves
P, S, and L waves
L waves
what are P waves?
Compressional, travels through solids and liquids
Shear, trace through solids only
Travel only along the surface
what are S waves?
travels through solids and liquids
Travels only along the surface
Travels through solids only, stops when it hits liquid
What are L waves?
only goes through solids
only travels along the surface
travels through solids and liquids
what are seismic waves detected by?
meters
seismometers
S waves
L waves
A seismometer readout is called a
seismogram
wave
seismontier
when do the P waves arrive?
last
first
after S waves
What does wave speed indicate?
Composition of earth materials
How hot the material is
how fast magma is moving in the mantle
how fast plates are moving
what happens to waves when they go through dense materials
they slow down
they speed up
they stop
they make a hole through the material
what happens to P waves going through liquids
they stop
they slow down
they speed up
what happens to S waves when going through a liquid
they slow down
they speed up
they stop
what do shadow zones indicate?
composition of the earth
speed of P waves
speed of S waves
heat of the interior crust
The inner core is..
a very dense solid
very cold
does not have much pressure on it
composed of surfer
what is the inner core composed of
mostly iron
mostly silver
mostly copper
mostly aluminum
what is the rough temperature of the inner core?
5,000 degrees Celsius
10,000 degrees Celsius
500 degrees Fahrenheit
40 degrees Celsius
why does the core remain a solid?
because of the extreme pressure
because of the immense heat
because of the olden that hardens around it
because of how cold it is
the outer core is...
molten iron-liquid
a solid
molten lava
a very dense area
what is the outer core primarily composed of?
metals
molten iron
molten lava
what happens when S waves hit the outer core?
they slow down
they speed up
they stop
what happens when P waves hit the outer core?
they speed up
they slow down
they stop
what is the out core possibly responsible for?
the magnetic field
temperature of the outer crust
stopping S waves
stopping P waves
what makes up the majority of earths volume and mass?
the lower mantle
the upper mantle
the asthenosphere
the lithosphere
how much does the lower mantle make up of earths mass?
10%
30%
87%
55%
what happens when you go further down the lower mantle
noticeably cooler
noticeable warmer
stays the same
what is the asthenosphere classified as?
solid
liquid
very cold
very warm
is the asthenosphere easily....
deformed
broken
can't move
how does the asthenosphere move?
breaks when is move
flows like a liquid
doesn't move
the upper mantle is rigid, brittle, and solid
true
false
what does the upper mantle combine with to make the lithosphere?
lower mantle
crust
outer core
inner core
the crust is...
the farthest from the surface
the surface (thin outermost layer)
very very hot
very very cold
the crusts most abundant metal is...
iron
aluminum
silver
the oceanic crust is...
very thick
very thin
more than 32 km thick
less than 10 km thick
what is the oceanic crust made of?
basalt rock
iron
aluminum
dirt
what is the continental crust made of?
one-granite
two layers-granite and basalt
one layer-basalt
the average thickness of the continental crust is...
10km
32km
50km
100km
what is isostacy?
the balance between temperatures
the balance between downward and upward forces
the balance between plate movement
mantle rocks...
easily break
are hot
don't move
flow carrying crust
the lithosphere is made up of the.....
upper mantle and lower mantle
upper mantle and asthenosphere
upper mantle and crust
where is the lithosphere located
above the crust
directly above the lower mantle
directly above the outer core
directly above the asthenosphere
how many major plates are there
6
3
7
10
what is the largest plate?
pacific
oceanic
North American
antarctic
how many secondary plates are there?
6
7
8
9
two continental edges of plate boundaries are...
antartica
san andres fault
the UK
Iceland
what do plates move on?
hot solid yet molten material of the asthenosphere
hot solid yet molten material of the lithosphere
hot solid yet molten material of the upper mantle
hot solid yet molten material of the lower mantle
movement possibly caused by
convection currents
electricity
tidal waves
molten lava
currents are created by...
temperature
speed of waves
density differences
convection
cool materials
rise to the core
sink toward the core
hot materials move...
towards the crust
towards the core
what is plate stress caused by?
convection waves
convection currents
heat
plate stress is forces which push and pull on the crust
true
false
rocks move....
up
down
sideways
all the above
what is compressional stress?
when it is pushed in from sides
when it is pushed in up and down ways
when it is stretched
what is tensional stress?
stretched and pulled
pushed together
pushed upend down
parallel to the surface
what is shearing?
parallel to the surface, along the fault line
parallel to the surface
along the fast line
deformation is...
breaking of crustal rocks
folding of crustal rocks
tilting of crustal rocks
all of the above
divergent plate boundary:
moving apart
moving together
slamming into each other
spreading up and down
and example of divergent plate boundaries would be:
mid ocean ridges
a fault line
a volcano
a mountain
divergent plates are also called constructive because
it is getting hotter
it is cooling down
it is creating new crust
it is slowing S waves down
convergent plates
move together
spread apart
move up and down
go side to side
convergent plate examples are
mountain ranges
rift valleys
subduction zones
all of the above
transform plates move
up and down
together
side to side
apart
transform plates are called conservative because they...
don't create new crust
destroy crust
don't create or destroy crust
less dense continental go
under the more dense oceanic
over the more dense oceanic
oceanic plate is subjected to (and or)under
continental
lower mantle
upper mantle
the asthenosphere
an example of oceanic continental plate collisions would be
a trench
convection currents
plate movement
continental continental create
mountains
trenches
mid ocean ridges
convection currents
oceanic oceanic
older-more dense is subjected under the other
forms and subduction zone
forms a trench
subjected plate will melt and form and island arc
all of the above
hot spots occur
away from islands
away from plate boundaries
under islands
under plate boundaries
hot spots are caused by
mantle plumes
convection currents
plate movement
plate direction and speed can be determined by
alignment of islands
alignment of volcanos
alignment of mountains
alignment of hot spots
sea floor spreading causes
mid ocean ridges
mountains
rift valleys
trenches
magma erupts out of a volcano through
a Rift Valley
a trench
a convection current
hardened lava.....
forms new ocean floor
makes convection currents move faster
heats up the ocean
magnetic materials in molten lava...
sign up with the tectonic plates
lign up with the magnetic field
line up with the country borders
line up with continents borders
when magnetic stripping rock hardens what is made?
a rock
a permanent record
a fossil
