In patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, associated findings include

A 35-year-old woman presents with palpitations, anxiety, and insomnia. Recently postpartum, she is currently breastfeeding. What are your treatment

The administration of ^99mtechnetium sestamibi

Which of the following patients with thyroid gland enlargement is LEAST likely to have a diagnosis of thyroid cancer?

Lower glands are typically medial to the nerve, near the lower pole of the thyroid gland and tend to be anterior or superficial in the neck. Upper glands are lateral to the nerve, deep in the neck, and often are found near the tubercle of Zuckerlandl. The recurrent nerve is typically found in the tracheo-esophageal groove. Sometimes, upper glands can be found in the retroesophageal location, but this would be atypical for an inferior gland.

A 40-year-old woman has a 2-cm nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. She is euthyroid. Fine-needle aspiration yields indeterminate cytology

A 26-year-old man is found to have a 1.8-cm left thyroid nodule. Neck ulltrasound is unremarkable. Fine needle aspiration reveals a follicular lesion. What is the appropriate surgical management for this patient?

Calcitonin is

A 37-year-old female is found to have a 0.7-cm right thyroid nodule. An FNA is performed and reveals an indeterminate follicular lesion. A right thyroid lobectomy is then performed. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve and both right parathyroid glands are identified and preserved. Postoperatively, she does well and is discharged home the next day. In follow up in the office after 10 days, pathology reveals no malignancy in the specimen. On further questioning, she reports fatigue. Which of the following laboratory tests should be ordered?

A 60-year-old female notices a small, firm, non-mobile mass on her anterior neck that has rapidly increased in size. She has developed mild dyspnea on exertion and has a history of hypothyroidism. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) and immunophenotypic analysis showing large and irregular lymphoid cells confirm the diagnosis. What is the appropriate management of her disease?

A 44-year-old man has a total thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma. The most sensitive postoperative screening test for residual or recurrent tumor would be

Which muscles are encountered, in order from skin to thyroid, as you perform the exposure for a thyroidectomy?

A 55-year-old female comes to the office for consideration of a parathyroidectomy. A parathyroid adenoma was found after routine annual laboratory values were abnormal. Her serum calcium level is 11.4 mg/dL (N = 8.5-10.2 mg/dL), PTH is 70 (N = 10-65 pg/dL), and bone density T-score is -3.0. Urinalysis showed microhematuria on a dipstick. Urinary calcium is 200 mg/24 h (N = 20-275 mg/24 hr). Which of the following, according to the NIH, is an indication for parathyroidectomy in this patient?

Ultrasound findings suggestive of a malignant thyroid nodule include all of the following EXCEPT

You are performing a four-gland parathyroidectomy for parathyroid hyperplasia, and cannot locate the right inferior parathyroid gland. Three glands were identified and confirmed on frozen section. Which of the following maneuvers should be your next step?

All of the following are indicators of tumor aggressiveness and poor outcome for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid EXCEPT:

A 56-year-old woman was found to have a palpable lateral neck level 4 lymph node. Biopsy shows metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. CT of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis shows no other metastatic lesions. What is the best surgical option for this patient?

A 60-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism is considering surgery. After you confirm the diagnosis and indications for surgery, you proceed with surgical planning. Which of the following localizing studies is indicated in this patient?

A 42-year-old man is undergoing neck exploration because of hypercalcemia (12.0 mg/dL) and an elevated PTH level (220 pg/dL) which was discovered when he was evaluated for recurrent urolithiasis and fatigue. He has a 20 pack-year smoking history. He takes no medications. His 87-year-old maternal grandmother had a history of thyroid cancer diagnosed when she was 26, and there is no other family history of endocrine disorders or cancer. Ultrasonography and sestamibi scanning show a 1.5-cm solitary lesion in the area of the right superior thyroid lobe. Chest x-ray shows only mild emphysema. At surgery, there is a firm 1.5-cm mass posterior to the right lobe of the thyroid just superior to the middle thyroid vein that is inseparable from the thyroid. There is an enlarged adjacent lymph node. Histology of this mass will likely show which of the following?

A 13-year-old girl was found to have a solitary neck mass by her mother. You evaluate her and confirm that it is a thyroid nodule. The mother asks you if she has cancer. Which of the following is the best response?