During the 2nd month, ________________ is/are stimulated by attention and speech.

As the infant develops, there is a ______________ in the infant's and mother's behaviors.

Dialogs become notably important starting at which age?

By age ______, an infant vocalizes to accompany different attitudes.

Infants imitate _________________ by 8-10 months.

Around ______________, children can generally look at their partners at the beginning of a vocal turn.

________________ is/are goal-directed behavior and the ability to share goals with others.

During the preintentional stage, an infant's behavior is initially characterized by ______________ in which he/she attends to stimuli with diffuse and undifferentiated behaviors.

Once an infant begins to use ______________, his/her mother will no longer accept other, less consistent vocalizations.

__________________ include(s) exaggerated physical movement, usually slow or elongated in rate, and form a select, limited repertoire that is used frequently.

In IDS, a mother's use of _________________ predicts earlier learning of the word being represented.

During play, maternal gazing may occur up to _____________ of the time simultaneous with vocalization.

Mothers in the U.S. are more ______________ than mothers in Japan.

Mothers from low SES backgrounds are more likely to use ____________ compared to middle SES North American mothers.

Cultural and socioeconomic differences are

At 2 years of age, female children receive more

Positive factors such as easy soothability and frequent laughter at 6-12 months of age are related to better ____________ at 21 months of age.

In the gestures and vocalizations phase of joint reference development, mothers' comments based on the child's action or interest at 9 months seem related to better ___________ later on.

Routine actions, called _____________________, provide a structure within which language can be analyzed.

Most early infant and mother turns last for

___________________ contain the initial elements of emerging conversation.