Lincoln wanted to punish the South severely as part of his Reconstruction plan.

Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan called for 10% prewarSouthern voters to give a loyalty oath to the Confederacy in order to be accepted into the US again

The Radical Republicans counter to Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan became known as the Wade Davis Bill

John Wilkes Booth assassinated James A. Garfield

Andrew Johnson was the perfect president to work with the Radical Republicans since he championed the rights of the former slaves

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.

The Freedmen's Bureau assisted the former slaves with food, medicine, and legal assistance.

The Black Codes aimed to increase the power of the former slaves by outline their rights

The Radical Republicans sought to empower the lives of the former slaves

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner were strong supporters of the old aristocratic slaveholders

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was vetoed by President Johnson before it was overridden by a Radical Congress

The 14th Amendment provided for citizenship and all rights of a citizen to the former slaves

The 15th Amendment abolished slavery throughout the US

Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when he fired Edwin Stanton without Senate permission

Whereas the Scalawags were from the North, the Carpetbaggers were southerners who were loyal to the Union

The violence of the KKK to obstruct the progress of the freedmen led Congress to pass the Enforcement Acts

The Compromise of 1877 officially ended Reconstruction

The struggles after Reconstruction would see the freedmen become sharecroppers and suffer from the effects of segregation

The Homestead Act offered land to Native Americans.

Whereas the Sand Creek Massacre would see Native Americans killed by US soldiers, the Fetterman massacre would see US soldiers killed by natives.

Whereas the Battle of Little Bighorn would see US soldiers massacre natives, Wounded Knee would see US soldiers slaughtered

Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire

Whereas the Union Pacific would build from Sacramento towards the East, the Central Pacific would build from Omaha towards the West

The transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Point

Whereas John Deere invented the steel plow, Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper

The Populist Party looked to improve the struggles of the factory workers

Whereas the Republicans became known as the Free Silverites, the Democrats became known as the Gold Bugs

William McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan despite Bryan's impassioned "Cross of Gold" speech

Whereas Henry Bessemer developed a process for making steel, Edwin Drake became a pioneer in drilling for oil

Whereas Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, George Westinghouse developed the air brake

Whereas Alexander Graham Bell was associated with the telegraph, Samuel Morse was associated with the telephone

John D. Rockefeller used ruthless tactics, including rebates to shippers, to outdo his competition

Andrew Carnegie sold his company to JP Morgan.

Aaron Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears only sold their products inside chain stores.

The Interstate Commerce Commission aimed to regulate railroad rates

The American Federation of Labor was far more radical than the Knights of Labor

The labor strike of the late 1800s tended to result in violence.

The Guilded Age featured nothing but happiness and prosperity

Government followed as Laissez-faire approach to business in the late 1800s.

Charles Guiteau assassinated William McKinley

The Pendleton Act required competency exams for federal workers.

Whereas New Immigrants tended to be Protestants, Old Immigrants tended to be Catholic/Jewish

Nativists love immigrants

Ellis Island was a processing center for immigrants arriving on the East Coast

The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in 1882

Whereas Andrew Hallidie introduced the electric trolley in San Francisco, Frank Sprague introduced the cable car in Richmond

Whereas Elisha Otis developed the dumbbell tenement, James Ware developed the elevator.

Political machines utilized the votes of the urban poor to seize control of cities such as New York City

William Tweed was arguable the nation's most famous political boss in US history

Coney Island featured one of the nation's first amusement parks.

Dr. James Naismith invented the game of basketball.

The Social Gospel featured preaching that only dealt with religious matters

Jane Addams established a settlement house known as the Hull House in Chicago.

Whereas Alfred T. Mahan wanted to acquire new territories to spread Christianity, Josiah Strong wanted the US to build its navy

William Seward secured the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867.

Queen Liliuokalani permanently seized control of Hawaii from American planters in 1893

Sanford Dole led a temporary government in Hawaii

Whereas Jose Marti pushed for Cuban independence, Valeriano Weyler aimed to crush Cuban resistance

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer both featured yellow journalism in their newspapers

The DeLome Letter praised the boldness of President William McKinley

A main cause of the Spanish American War was the sinking of the USS Maine off the coast of Havana, Cuba in 1898.

Whereas the Teller Amendment held that the US would not annex (acquire) Cuba, the Platt Amendment held that the US would essentially control it.

George Dewey destroyed the Spanish Atlantic fleet off the coast of Cuba.

Theodore Roosevelt would lead the Roughriders to victory at the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War.

Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam were given to the US and the US sold the Philippines to Spain

Emilio Aguinaldo led a resistance movement against the US in the Philippines

William Howard Taft became a territorial governor of the Philippines before he became the president.

The US pushed for an Open Door Policy in China to counter the spheres of influence that other powers had created

The Boxer Rebellion was a Filipino resistance movement against all foreign powers

Theodore Roosevelt helped to establish the Treaty of Portsmouth to bring peace between Russia and Japan

The Taft/Katsura agreement assured that the US would maintain control of the Philippines and Japan would maintain control of Korea

The Hay/Bunau Varilla Treaty gave the US control over the Panama Canal after it built it

Whereas Dollar Diplomacy would seek US investments in Latin America, the Roosevelt Corollary sought US intervention in Latin America to keep it orderly

Whereas Porfirio Diaz was a Mexican dictator, Francisco Madero replaced him with hopes of establishing democracy

Whereas Victoriano Huerta was supported by the US, Venustiano Carranza was despised by Woodrow Wilson

After Francisco "Pancho" Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico, President Wilson sent General John Pershing to pursue Villa.

The Muckrakers were journalists who hoped to expose the ills of industrial society

Whereas Jacob Riis wrote about the terrible living conditions of the urban poor, Upton Sinclair wrote about the unsanitary working conditions of the meatpacking industry.

Whereas Lincoln Steffens wrote about the ruthless practices of Standard Oil, Ida Tarbell wrote about the corruption of the political machines in the cities

The city commision and council/manager systems were both introduced during the Progressive Era

Whereas the initiative allows citizens to introduce bills, the referendum allows voters to approve or reject them.

The secret ballot came in response to the voting manipulation of the political machines

In the cases of Holden v. Hardy and Lochner v. New York, the key element of these cases involved working hour limits per day

Whereas the 16th Amendment allowed for direct election of senators, the 17th Amendment created a federal income tax

Whereas the 18th Amendment gave women the right to vote, the 19th Amendment led to the Prohibition of intoxicating liquor

John Muir was a champion of the preservationist movement

Whereas WEB Dubois believed African Americans should learn vocational skills to gain equality, Booker T. Washington pushed for an immediate end to discrimination

Under Theodore Roosevelt, Northern Securities was broken up and the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts were passed

Under Theodore Roosevelt, the Mann/Elkins Act and the dissolution of Standard Oil occurred.

The Ballinger/Pinchot Controversy dealt with the issue of conservation

Woodrow Wilson created the third party known as the Progressive Party

The Keating Owens Act limited the working age of children

The Federal Reserve Act allows the Federal Reserve Board to regulate bank interest rates