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WorksheetsChapter 15 and 14
Total questions: 19
Worksheet time: 10mins
Which of these is NOT a portal of entry
Skin (pore)
Parenteral
Mucous membranes
Airborne
Dose of a toxin given to each individual needed to kill 50% of the test population is...
ID50
AB50
LD50
MD50
Define ID50.....
Dose/number of pathogens given to each host/ind in order to make 100% of the test population sick
Dose of a toxin given to ea ind needed to kill 50% of the test population
Dose of a toxin given to ea ind needed to kill 100% of the test population
Dose/number of pathogens given to each host/ind in order to make 50% of the test population sick
Pathogens use their surface structures to bind/adhere to host cells using.....
fimbriae, capsules, endospores, outer membrane
fimbriae, capsules, CW proteins, adhesins
fimbriae, capsules, CW proteins, glue
tape, capsules, CW proteins, mucus
Which is a neccessary step of infection/taking up residence in the host?
Reproduction
Adherence
Penetration
Metabolism
Biofilms are....
communities of cells encased by polysachharide matrix
communities of fungi encased by polysachharide matrix
communities of bacteria encased by polysachharide matrix
communities of viruses encased by polysachharide matrix
What is quorum sensing?
ability of bacteria to sense how many other bacteria are nearby so they all multiply at once
Ability of bacteria to sense how many other bacteria nearby that are attaching to the same surface, so that all these bacteria can coordinate their activities- and form a “community”
ability of bacteria to all infect at the same time
Ability of bacteria to sense how many other nearby that are attaching to the same surface, so that all these bacteria perform their activities individually
What are invasins?
They are bacterial proteins that promote entry of bacteria into host cell
They are proteins that induce host cells to multiply once inside the host
They are enzymes that induce death in most bacteria
They are chemicals that tell each bacteria where,how, and what to invade in nature
What is phagocytosis?
Maturity of bacteria in the body
Engulfment and digestion of microbes that get into the body
Reproduction of antibodies designated to combat infection
Development of the body's natural defenses
Exotoxins are secreted by growing cells, so where do Endotoxins come from?
they are part of the plasma membrane
they are part of the gram + cell wall
they are part of the gram - cell wall
they are part of the fimbrae on bacteria
Types of Exotoxins include A-B toxins, what does each one do?
A- has harmful effects, B- has binding effects
A- has binding effects, B- has harmful effects
They're the same
They disrupt membranes
Which one of these is a disease NOT caused by exotoxins?
Influenza
Cholera
Botulism
Tetanus
Which of these is a fomite?
Water droplets
Blood
Mosquitos
Dirty fork
Which of these is an example of vehicle transmission?
contaminated water, air, food
a filthy rat
animal transmitting disease
fork
A Vector mode of infection is...
contaminated water, air, food
source to recipient
animal transmits disease
airborne; such as a sneeze
What is an opportunistic infection?
Infectious diseases caused by hospital bacterias
A disease having to do with blood infection
A disease caused by an opportunity
Infectious diseases caused by microbes that are usually non-pathogenic
What are nosocomial infections and what causes them?
are acquired while already sick; caused by lowered immune system
acquired as a result of a hospital stay; caused by hospital instruments and bacteria
acquired as a result of aging; caused by puberty
acquired as a result of great stress; mid terms and finals
What are Koch's Postulates?
A set of rules/steps used for determining whether a disease is caused by a specific microorganism
A set of rules/steps used for determining whether a disease is caused by a specific characteristic
A set of rules/steps used for determining whether a disease is caused by a specific temperature
A set of rules/steps used for determining whether a disease is caused by a specific animal
__________ nonspecifically stimulate T-cells as well as cause immune response due to release of cytokines from cell.
superantigens
exotoxins
A-B toxin
membrane-disrupting toxins
