A steel or plastic cover placed over the shock rod.

A construction style that uses the body sheet metal as the frame of the vehicle. Typically this type of construction uses small frame sections called sub-frames.

The angle formed through the wheel pivot points when viewed from the side in comparison to a vertical line through the wheel.

Movement of a vehicle around its z-axis (vertical axis) felt when the vehicle deviates from its straight path, as when skidding sideways and the rear comes around.

Backward tilt of the wheel pivot points from the vertical line

The shaft of the suspension system to which the tires and wheels are attached; they are used to drive or support the wheels.

A metal strap that is warped around the leaf spring to prevent excessive flexing of the main leaf during rebound

The ability to deform and reform into the same shape

The process of using pressure and heat to bond metal particles.

The amount of spring extends (springs back) past its original length following compression.

A setting designed to compensate for slight wear in steering components that may cause the wheels to turn outward or inward while the vehicle is in motion.

Tilt of the top of the tire toward the centerline of the vehicle

The imaginary line drawn through the center of the rear axle.

A force that moves an object in a different direction or into a different shape.

A bar made of steel alloy that is fixed rigidly to the chassis at one end and the suspension control arm at the other to support the weight of a vehicle.

The distance between two imaginary points on the road surface-the point of center contact between the road surface and the tire, and the intersecting point where the steering axis centerline and the tire centerline contact the road surface.

A type of suspension system that uses upper and lower control arms.

A shock absorb-er designed to reduce spring oscillations.

A system for allowing the up and down movement of one tire without affecting the other tire on that axle

A force that moves an object in a different direction or into a different shape is known as a(n) _________.

Parts of a vehicle that are not supported by the suspension system, including the wheels, tires, brakes, axles and steering and suspension parts not supported by springs are considered _________.

The force transferred from the tire contact patch through the axle housing is called ________.

Movement around the vehicle's y-axis, commonly felt during hard braking or fast acceleration , when the front of the vehicle noses down or rises up slightly, is called _______.

When a spring deflects easily under a light load, but its resistance increases as the load increases, it is said to have a(n) ____________.

The rear of the multi-leaf is connected to the frame by a(n), ________which provides a link between the spring eye and a bracket on the frame.

The twisting force that is applied by anchoring one end of an object and then applying a twisting force to the other end is called_________.

A(n) ______ consists of a flexible rubber bladder, which seals the outside of the upper and lower haves of the shock absorber.

The newest style of electronic adjustable shock uses a special type of fluid called _________ fluid that has the unique characteristic of changing viscosity when exposed to a magnetic field

In control arm applications, particularly at the rear of a vehicle, a rubber bushing may be molded with a voided section, this bushing is called a _____.

What is another name for rigid-axle coil-springsuspension that uses two bars similar to a panhard rod and a pivot point on the axle to keep the axle from moving in turns?

Which of the following is an example of a computerized suspension system?

The side-toside vertical tilt of the wheel, viewed from the front of the vehicle and measured in degrees is called_____.

When a vehicle has _____, a line drawn through the steering axis centerline meets the road surface behind the vertical centerline of the wheel

The distance between two imaginary points on the road surface is called ________.

If the camber line is outside of the steering axis inclination line, then it has _____

The condition in which the fronts of the wheels are closer together than the rears of the wheels is called _______

The _____ refers to the relationship between the centerline of the vehicle and the angle of the rear tires

The amount of distance between the ground and a specified part of the vehicle such as the fender well, upper control arm, or rocker panel is called _________.

What type of alignment is outdated and almost never performed on modern vehiccles?

Preventing or reducing oscillations is called dampening.

Pitch is vehicular movement along its x-axis. It is the rolling motion you feel when making a sharp corner and is generally what causes rollovers.

All front-wheel drive vehicles are of the full-frame chassis design.

The pitch of a spring is the distance from the center of one coil to the center of the adjacent coil; if they are evenly spaced it is called uniform pitch.

The longest leaf is called the main leaf and is rolled at both ends to form spring eyes; they are used to mount the spring to the frame of the vehicle.

Leaf springs can be used across the chassis frame in a trailing arm suspension, or as part of the connecting link between two axle assemblies on a semi-rigid axle beam.

In full-floating axles, the axle bearing is placed on the outside of the axle housing.

The most widely used hydraulic shock absorber is the direct-acting telescopic type.

Electronic adjustable-rate shock absorbers are also called self-leveling shock absorbers.

Typically straight pieces of steel used to either transfer motion or prevent motion within a vehicle's suspension system are called control arms.

Rubber-bonded bushings are normally used for the front eye of the spring at the fixed shackle point, and also in control arm applications.

A solid axle is a nonindependent suspension because the wheels on both sides of the axle are connected together.

MacPherson strut suspneion can be used on either the front or the rear of the vehicle.

The primary reason that the short-/long-suspension system was designed was to ensure crrect wheel alignment as the vehicle corners.

Most twin I-beam systems use a coil spring to support the weight of the vehicle.

Rear-wheel suspension systems can be of the independent or nonindependent design.

A wheel that leans away from the center of the vehicle at the top is said to have negative camber.

If the camber line is outside of the SAI line, then it has positive offset or positive scrub radius.

The Ackermann angle is the angle the steering arms make with the steering axis, projected toward the center of the rear-axle.

Setback is an alignment angle that is not adjustable but that allows the technician to diagnose the vehicle.

When a tire hits an obstruction, there is a _________ _________ meaning the tire will move in response to the force applied by the obstruction.

______ refers to the fluctuating of an object between two states, basically meaning the spring compresses and rebounds over and over again.

______ force refers to the lateral movement of the axle housing during turning.

In _______ _________ construction, the frame and vehicle body are separately constructed pieces

A ______ is made from a single length of special wire, which is heated and wound on a former to produce the required shape

A bar similar to the torsion bar is the ______ ______, or antiroll bar.

If the suspension reaches its limit of travel, rubber _______ prevent direct metal-to-metal contact, thereby reducing jarring of the suspension components.

A manual adjustable-rate shock absorber has a manual, external _______ ________ adjustment.

The A-arm control arm is sometimes referred to as a ________ control arm, a relatively flat triangular part that mounts to the frame or subframe at each leg of the A.

___________ bushings can be molded to form two halves, to fit into each side of the spring eye on the swinging shackle, which is located on the vehicle frame.

A(n) ____________ allows the wheel on each side of the axle to move up and down independently of each other

In strut suspension systems, the _____________ _____________ is contained inside the strut.

Also referred to as a track bar, a(n) __________ __________ is contained inside the strut.

On rear-wheel drive vehicles with independent rear suspension, drive is transmitted to each wheel by external ____________ ________________

______________ _____________ suspension is an electronically controlled air suspension system at all four wheels with a continuously adaptive dampening system.

Wheels are positioned on the suspension at certain angles to provide for easy driving of the vehicle. These angles, taken together, determine the vehicle's __________________ ____________

The angle formed between the steering axis inclination and the camber line is called the _______________ _______________.

______ _____________ on turns is the relative toe setting of the front wheels as the vehicle turns.

The _______ _______ is a geometric alignment of linkages in a vehicle's steering such that the wheels on the inside of a turn are able to move in a different circle radius than the wheels on the outside.

______ ______ is a measure of how small a circle the vehicle can turn in when the steering wheel is turned to the limit.