Mostly evergreen trees and shrubs having needle-shaped or scalelike leaves. The reproductive parts of these trees are cone-shaped.

These kinds of leaves have a waxy-coating to help retain (hold) water and chemicals that make it distasteful to predators. The chemicals also make them smell minty fresh! :)

Deciduous trees will drop their leaves in an attempt to enter this state during the winter. After winter they move out of this state and bloom again.

A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Deciduous leaves release this to change color.

The upper layer or habitat zone of a tropical forest, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms (monkeys, birds, insects, reptiles, etc.)

The process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves. Key process behind how tropical forests create their own weather systems.

Reptiles and amphibians are rare in Taiga and other cold environments because of this metabolic condition involving body temperature:

A shift in population from a rural area into more a centralized location. Resources are also pooled into this central location to support the growing population.

The action of clearing a wide area of trees for either commercial or agricultural use.