Mark observes that his son is reading faster and with fewer mistakes. This type of learning is _______.

Josiah studies one person with an illness. This is an example of a ______.

Mark learns to play certain parts of a piano piece louder. This is an example of _____.

The use of animals in research is _____.

Which of the following does not logically follow from the four criteria for the natural science approach?

If you studied hard to prepare for this test, the cause of your studying was to get a good grade. This logic violates which assumption of science?

An ABA design means which of the following?

Which is part of the definition of learning?

Every time a goose sees a round object outside of its nest, it rolls the item into the nest.

Every time you hit my knee my leg jerks.

Which of the following is a response in a reflex?

Which of the following is an example of a reflex?

Robert wanted to study the effect of chewing gum on academic performance. He took 300 students. He randomly assigned students to two groups. One group chewed gum during every class and whenever they studied for the class, the other group was prohibited from chewing gum during class or when studying for the exam. Robert determined their academic performance by using their grades in the course.

Grades are an example of _____.

You are scared by your cat. You then jump when the phone rings. This is an example of _____.

A horse and a donkey have a baby mule. This is an example of _____.

Dr. K. has found an antibiotic that kills 99.99 percent of bacteria in chickens. This leaves only 0.01 percent of the bacteria alive in the bird. This 0.01 percent of bacteria cannot be killed by Dr. K’s bacteria, but Dr. K. does not think it is a big problem because it only makes up 0.01 percent of the population. He starts using his antibiotic on his farm, and does so for many generations of chickens. Eventually, Dr. K’s chickens have an outbreak of the bacteria that Dr. K’s antibiotic was suppose to treat. Dr. K finds that the bacteria have become super bacteria, and now his antibiotic is not effective on 35.00% of the bacteria. This leads to an epidemic in his chickens. What best explains this phenomenon?

Every time a goose sees a round object outside of its nest, it rolls the item into the nest.

Every time you hit my knee my leg jerks

Which of the following is a response in a MAP?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to influence natural selection.

Which of the following has the most variability in the behavior?

Aggression is best accounted for by which of the following.

Andrea, a race car driver, learns to hit the gas pedal quicker when the light turns green. This type of learning is ____.

Robert wanted to study the effect of chewing gum on academic performance. He took 300 students. He randomly assigned students to two groups. One group chewed gum during every class and whenever they studied for the class, the other group was prohibited from chewing gum during class or when studying for the exam. Robert determined their academic performance by using their grades in the course.

The people who do not chew gum _____.

The Chupacabra only reproduces once every 20 years. It is a very slow moving animal that depends on it’s ability to stay camouflaged and surprise its food. It also uses it’s camouflage to hide from other predators, because it is considered a very tasty treat by all other predators. The way the Chupacabra stays camouflaged is that it lives in a white colored environment and its coat is white. However, there is a natural disaster and over night, it’s environment changes to be black. What do you expect will happen to the Chupacabra?

Robert wanted to study the effect of chewing gum on academic performance. He took 300 students. He randomly assigned students to two groups. One group chewed gum during every class and whenever they studied for the class, the other group was prohibited from chewing gum during class or when studying for the exam. Robert determined their academic performance by using their grades in the course.

Chewing gum or not chewing gum is an example of _____.

You put on a wool sweater in the morning. It itches like crazy, but you decide to wear it anyway hoping that which of the following will occur?

Descriptive studies _____.

An ultrasound technician is poking a fetus to get it to move. The first time results in a big movement. Over repeated poking the fetus discontinues moving. This is an example of _____.

What did Watson study?

Dr. Clueless is trying to condition a student to blink every time he hears a tone. The tone begins and ends before the puff of air is blown in the eye. What type of pairing is this?

Dr. Clueless is trying to condition a student to blink every time he hears a tone. The tone and a puff of air begin and end at the same time. What type of pairing is this?

The intensity of the stimuli in a compound stimulus can predict which stimulus will become and effective CS. Which principle explains this phenomenon?

Which of these is used when other exposures are unethical or cost prohibitive?

Dr. Clueless is trying to condition a student to blink every time he hears a tone. Air is blown in the eye and then the tone is presented. What type of pairing is this?

Which of these uses a list of feared situations/stimuli?

Interstimulus Intervals are an example of _________.

In Pavlov's experiment what was the Neutral Stimulus?

Dr. Clueless is trying to condition a student to blink every time he hears a tone. The tone begins and before it ends a puff of air is blown in the eye. What type of pairing is this?

In Pavlov's experiment what was the conditioned stimulus?

When two neutral stimuli are presented at the same time before an US, this is an example of ________.

What did Pavlov study (resulting in a Nobel prize)?

Pseudoconditioning is an example of ___________.

When a person receives chemotherapy for cancer, a person can frequently become nauseous. They can develop Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting when they go to the hospital.

Which is the CR?

When advertisers use too sexy of images they might decrease effectiveness because of ________.

50 percent of the time that John hears a buzzer he is shocked. This is an example of __________.

In Pavlov's experiment what was the Conditioned Response?

We learned that classical conditioning can partially explain all of the following except ________.

Which of these is the enemy of therapy?

After _______ it is necessary to do a/an ______ to determine if _____ has occurred.

Which of the following would most likely be treated with aversion therapy?

I am more likely to develop a taste aversion to sea urchins than pizza due to __________.

Who is the scientist that first studied Classical Conditioning?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who has the best pattern of contiguity for learning?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who will have the biggest problem with satiety?

Who is the scientist that developed the Operant Chamber?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a conditioned reinforcer?

John does not like vegetables, but he hasn’t eaten any for three days. He will now go to great effort to eat some vegetables. This is an example of _____.

An example of Negative Reinforcement is ________.

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a contrived reinforcer?

I give my child an M&M for peeing on the potty. This is an example of a/an ______.

I put on a coat because I am cold. This is an example of a/an _____.

What did Thorndike study?

Mike is listening to the radio to hear the song of the day so he can hopefully be the tenth caller and win a prize. What schedule of reinforcement is this?

This theory explains the partial reinforcement effect away as being an illusion.

Jenny randomly reinforces her pet rat. The rat will most likely develop _______.

You want to train a rat to do an obstacle course. You start by training the rat to do the last activity. Then you train the second to last behavior. You continue this process until all steps have been trained. This is an example of _____.

Which schedule is taking place when the matching law will occur?

Clicking the refresh button on your e-mail is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

Julia is slated to inherit $500,000 when her aunt dies regardless of her behaviors. What schedule of reinforcement is this?

The one-process theory explains ____ using _____.

A football coach usually lets his team stop running when he feels like it. However, it is usually around 15 minutes. What type of schedule is this?

If you are playing a slot machine and it breaks in such a manner that it will no longer produce any money, you will likely keep playing for awhile because it is difficult to identify a broken machine from a working machine. This is best explained for by which hypothesis?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a free operant procedure?

An example of Negative Reinforcement is _____.

Thorndike's theory is _______.

Mark takes medication to get rid of a headache. He finds this to be a good thing, and is more likely to take medication in the future. What is this an example of?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a natural reinforcer?

Who is the scientist that first studied Operant Conditioning?

Which form of learning requires the organism to act on the environment?

In operant conditioning the word reinforcement means ______.

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a generalized reinforcer?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a primary reinforcer?

-Mary gives her kid a penny for approaching the potty. Then she gives her kid a penny for sitting on the potty without success. She continues to do this until the child successfully pees on the potty. Her child can earn a penny at any time by sitting on the potty. Mary is very attentive and gives the penny to her child as soon as they sit on/approach the potty.

-Joan gives her kid a bag of M&Ms after successfully peeing on the potty. However, she is not attentive and only gives the reward on occasion. Furthermore, the M&M’s frequently come up to an hour after the desired act.

-Anne gives her kids tokens for peeing on the potty which can be exchanged for a trip to the zoo. She uses a variable ratio of 3 for giving the tokens.

Who is using a shaping procedure?

Parent’s frequently use dessert to reinforce vegetable eating. Which theory is this an example of?

What schedule of reinforcement is Mary giving her daughter cookies and milk for practicing the piano for 30 minutes.

You train a dog to turn on a light switch by rewarding it every time it gets close to the switch, then every time it puts its nose on the switch, then every time it flips the switch. This is an example of _______.

Which schedule of reinforcement leads to a scalloped shaped pattern of reinforcement.

Little Mark likes to tantrum in order to keep his mother’s attention and get stuff like candy bars at the grocery store. Mark’s mother recently attended a parenting class and learned that if she ignores the behavior and does not give him attention for his tantrum, it will go away. Mark’s mother repeatedly removes her attention for the tantrums, and only buys him candy for good behavior at the grocery store. Initially Mark has an increase in tantrums. However, with time this goes away. Eventually, Mark’s mother quits buying him candy for good behavior, which leads to an increase in tantrums.

The resumption of tantrums after they had diminished is an example of _____?

Jenny gets $20 for every haircut given no matter how long it takes. What schedule of reinforcement is this?

Pre-ratio pauses are _____

As a child Stephanie is frequently able to overcome her problems. She is most likely to develop _____.

What schedule of reinforcement is a family receiving food stamps every thirty days from the government.

Little Mark likes to tantrum in order to keep his mother’s attention and get stuff like candy bars at the grocery store. Mark’s mother recently attended a parenting class and learned that if she ignores the behavior and does not give him attention for his tantrum, it will go away. Mark’s mother repeatedly removes her attention for the tantrums, and only buys him candy for good behavior at the grocery store. Initially Mark has an increase in tantrums. However, with time this goes away. Eventually, Mark’s mother quits buying him candy for good behavior, which leads to an increase in tantrums.

The cessation of the behavior is an example of __________________.

Research supports that problem solving results from _____.

This schedule of reinforcement is identical to a tandem schedule except it uses distinctive events to mark the end of one schedule and the beginning of the next.

You are approaching the rat Olympian task. You start by listing all the small behaviors that you want the rat to learn that will make up the large behavior. This is an example of _______.

You train your kid to go to the bathroom by

First: rewarding them every time they sit on the potty

Second: rewarding them every time they sit on the potty and pee

Third: Rewarding them every time they sit on the potty, pee, and wipe

Fourth: Rewarding them every time they sit on the potty, pee, wipe, and flush

Fifth: Rewarding them every time they sit on the potty, pee, wipe, and flush, and wash hands

This is an example of _______.

Playing scratch of lottery tickets is an example of is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

Checking the clock as the end of class approaches is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

If pigeons are reinforced for pecking a right disc and then a left disc in sequence, and then punished every time they peck the left disc, which theory explains why if the pigeon pecks the right disc, it almost always presses the left disk.

The ABC's of behavior stand for _____.

Mark never intended to become an abusive parent, but he found that hitting his kids was easier than other methods and got his kids to behave. Mark fell victim to which of the following principles.

Target Behavior – Talking Back: Dan is tired of his daughter, Jenny, talking back to him. He decides that every time she talks back to him he will spank her. After doing this several times, Jenny quits talking back to her father. What is this an example of?

If drug addicts are removed from the streets by police officers, this limited their access to drugs, and therefore, decreased their drug use. This is _____

Constraint-induced movement therapy is _____.

John hates when his children interrupt him when he is on the phone. He decides to reinforce them for playing with their toys when he is on the phone. Which of the following is this an example of?

Target Behavior – Seat belt Wearing: Mary hates wearing her seat belt. However, she recently purchased a new car. Her new car makes an annoying beeping noise until she puts on her seat belt. Mary now puts on her seat belt every time she gets in a car. What is this an example of?

A child can only get attention from their mother by acting out. You expect the child to _____.

Target Behavior – Class Attendance: A professor has a policy of exempting students from the final exam if they maintain perfect attendance during the quarter. His students attendance increases dramatically. What is this an example of?

Target Behavior – Waking up in the morning: You use a traditional alarm clock to get up in the morning.

Target Behavior – Speeding: A cop pulls you over for speeding, as a consequence the court takes away your drivers license and five hundred dollars. You quit speeding.

Target Behavior – Check Coin Return: You check the coin return on a pay phone and find a quarter. You find yourself checking other payphone over the next few days. What is this an example of?

A rat can only get food by pushing a lever that will shock it. You will expect the rat to _____.

What is the method preferred by therapists to decrease self-injurious behaviors?

Response suppression is part of which theory?

Children who are frequently positively punished by adults to control their behavior are more likely to _____.

Target Behavior – Bad employee behavior: A supervisor criticizes his employee and decreases the employee’s lazy behavior. What is this an example of?

When pigeons are reinforced for pecking a right disc and then a left disc in sequence, and then punished every time they peck the left disc, this theory suggests that pecking of the right disc should happen more often than pecking the left disc.

Target Behavior – Texting while walking: You walk into a pole while texting. You discontinue texting and walking at the same time. What is this an example of?

Target Behavior – Mom Soothing Child: John and Sarah recently had a baby girl named Emily. They want Emily to learn to put herself to sleep by letting her “cry it out.” Before teaching her how to put herself to sleep Emily would cry for about 10 minutes before falling to sleep. However, Sarah cannot stand to hear her baby cry, so after five minutes of crying she goes in and comforts Emily. After comforting Emily, Sarah is now determined to let Emily “cry it out” and decides that she will not go comfort Emily. However, after 10 minutes of crying Sarah can’t take it anymore and comforts Emily. Sarah is now very upset with herself, and is now extremely determined to let Emily fall asleep on her own. This time she is able to wait 20 minutes before comforting Emily. This procedure is repeated until Emily now cries for a full hour before falling asleep by herself. What is this an example of?

The fact that punishers are more effective when they are contingent on behavior is a major flaw of which of the following theories?

Max watches John Receive 10 dollars for cleaning his room. Max then sees John washing dishes, but John is not paid for washing the dishes. Max then washes the dishes. What is Max washing the dishes an example of?

John learns to turn over logs to find bugs after seeing the wind blow over a log and finding bugs underneath. This is an example of _____.

Whose research supported that an animal CANNOT learn through observation?

Which of the following four is NOT one of parts of Bandura’s social cognitive theory?

We know that _____________ individuals are more likely to imitate, but _____________ individuals are more likely to learn from observation.

Melody is reinforced for talking like her mom, dressing like her mom, and doing her hair like her mom. She also imitates other behaviors because she has learned to imitate her mother. This is an example of _____.

Although observational learning can impact children, it was found that children’s television program in general do not impact aggressive behavior.

Melody watches her mom cut the end off of a pot roast before cooking it. She then does the same thing. This imitation of superfluous steps is an example of _____.

In a setting where things change, but you cannot observe the element that causes the change this is known as a/an _____.

In a classic experiment, children were reinforced for imitating behaviors in a puppet. Later, kids imitated the puppet do new novel behaviors in the absence of reinforcement. This is an example of _____.