Dorothea Lange was an American photographer. She was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on May 26, 1895. Early in her career, she took portraits for a living in San Francisco. Though she lived for a time in the Southwest, she returned to San Francisco in the early thirties. By then, the Great Depression of the 1930s had begun. Lange began walking the streets with her camera. She recorded pictures of hungry people standing in lines to get free handouts of bread and other powerful images.

Lange became best known for her black and white photos of poor, migrant¹ farm workers. Life was very hard for them in the thirties. They went to California to find work, but there were few jobs to be had. When jobs could be found, the pay was very low. Lange hoped her photos would get the government and other groups to help. Her pictures brought the world’s attention to the migrant workers’ situation. Dorothea Lange passed away on October 11, 1965. Today, her work lives on in museums, galleries, and books.

¹ someone who must move to different places to find work

Choose the best sentence to summarize how the Great Depression affected Lange's work.

Dorothea Lange was an American photographer. She was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on May 26, 1895. Early in her career, she took portraits for a living in San Francisco. Though she lived for a time in the Southwest, she returned to San Francisco in the early thirties. By then, the Great Depression of the 1930s had begun. Lange began walking the streets with her camera. She recorded pictures of hungry people standing in lines to get free handouts of bread and other powerful images.

Lange became best known for her black and white photos of poor, migrant¹ farm workers. Life was very hard for them in the thirties. They went to California to find work, but there were few jobs to be had. When jobs could be found, the pay was very low. Lange hoped her photos would get the government and other groups to help. Her pictures brought the world’s attention to the migrant workers’ situation. Dorothea Lange passed away on October 11, 1965. Today, her work lives on in museums, galleries, and books.

¹ someone who must move to different places to find work

A summary of the second paragraph should include the idea that...

Some animal species are good at hiding from predators, animals that hunt them for food. For instance, the squid is a soft, boneless animal. It can change colors to blend with its surroundings. This disguise¹helps to hide it from its enemies. If a predator comes too close, the squid will squirt it with ink!

Recently, a team of five biologists found a spider that protects itself in an unusual way. This little spider, just five millimeters long, lives in the Amazon rainforest. To fool and scare off its enemies, it builds a larger copy of itself using twigs and mud. The team of scientists came upon the fake spider, and they thought it was real! It had a head, eight legs, and a thorax (middle section). When the team came closer, they found the tiny little spider “artist” hiding behind the copy it had made. The team was amazed it could make something that looked so lifelike.

¹change of appearance

Which statement best summarizes how the rainforest spider protects itself?

Some animal species are good at hiding from predators, animals that hunt them for food. For instance, the squid is a soft, boneless animal. It can change colors to blend with its surroundings. This disguise¹helps to hide it from its enemies. If a predator comes too close, the squid will squirt it with ink!

Recently, a team of five biologists found a spider that protects itself in an unusual way. This little spider, just five millimeters long, lives in the Amazon rainforest. To fool and scare off its enemies, it builds a larger copy of itself using twigs and mud. The team of scientists came upon the fake spider, and they thought it was real! It had a head, eight legs, and a thorax (middle section). When the team came closer, they found the tiny little spider “artist” hiding behind the copy it had made. The team was amazed it could make something that looked so lifelike.

¹change of appearance

A summary of the passage should include the fact that...

Some animal species are good at hiding from predators, animals that hunt them for food. For instance, the squid is a soft, boneless animal. It can change colors to blend with its surroundings. This disguise¹helps to hide it from its enemies. If a predator comes too close, the squid will squirt it with ink!

Recently, a team of five biologists found a spider that protects itself in an unusual way. This little spider, just five millimeters long, lives in the Amazon rainforest. To fool and scare off its enemies, it builds a larger copy of itself using twigs and mud. The team of scientists came upon the fake spider, and they thought it was real! It had a head, eight legs, and a thorax (middle section). When the team came closer, they found the tiny little spider “artist” hiding behind the copy it had made. The team was amazed it could make something that looked so lifelike.

¹change of appearance

Choose the sentence that best summarizes the first paragraph of the selection.

Some animal species are good at hiding from predators, animals that hunt them for food. For instance, the squid is a soft, boneless animal. It can change colors to blend with its surroundings. This disguise¹helps to hide it from its enemies. If a predator comes too close, the squid will squirt it with ink!

Recently, a team of five biologists found a spider that protects itself in an unusual way. This little spider, just five millimeters long, lives in the Amazon rainforest. To fool and scare off its enemies, it builds a larger copy of itself using twigs and mud. The team of scientists came upon the fake spider, and they thought it was real! It had a head, eight legs, and a thorax (middle section). When the team came closer, they found the tiny little spider “artist” hiding behind the copy it had made. The team was amazed it could make something that looked so lifelike.

¹change of appearance

Which statement summarizes the effect of the large fake spider?

(1) Video games today are wildly popular with their colorful graphics¹ and special effects. (2) However, the first ones ever made were black and white and much simpler. (3) They were created by a man named Ralph Baer.

(4) Baer first had the idea for these games in 1951. (5) He was working as an engineer for a company that wanted him to make the “world’s best television.” (6) So he designed a TV that would also let people play games on it. (7) The company thought this crazy idea would never sell, so they did not use it.

(8) Years later, in 1967, Baer built the first video game system. (9) Players used a console², and the games were played on TV screens. (10) The first one Baer invented was a simple “chase game,” with two squares that chased each other on the screen. (11) Then, in 1968, he came up with “ball and paddle” games. (12) Baer sold his game ideas to an electronics company. (13) In 1972, the company started selling the first video game systems based on Baer’s designs.

¹ pictures

² a board with controls on it

Which sentence summarizes the ideas found in sentences 10 to 12?

(1) Video games today are wildly popular with their colorful graphics¹ and special effects. (2) However, the first ones ever made were black and white and much simpler. (3) They were created by a man named Ralph Baer.

(4) Baer first had the idea for these games in 1951. (5) He was working as an engineer for a company that wanted him to make the “world’s best television.” (6) So he designed a TV that would also let people play games on it. (7) The company thought this crazy idea would never sell, so they did not use it.

(8) Years later, in 1967, Baer built the first video game system. (9) Players used a console², and the games were played on TV screens. (10) The first one Baer invented was a simple “chase game,” with two squares that chased each other on the screen. (11) Then, in 1968, he came up with “ball and paddle” games. (12) Baer sold his game ideas to an electronics company. (13) In 1972, the company started selling the first video game systems based on Baer’s designs.

¹ pictures

² a board with controls on it

Which sentence best summarizes Baer’s importance?

(1) Video games today are wildly popular with their colorful graphics¹ and special effects. (2) However, the first ones ever made were black and white and much simpler. (3) They were created by a man named Ralph Baer.

(4) Baer first had the idea for these games in 1951. (5) He was working as an engineer for a company that wanted him to make the “world’s best television.” (6) So he designed a TV that would also let people play games on it. (7) The company thought this crazy idea would never sell, so they did not use it.

(8) Years later, in 1967, Baer built the first video game system. (9) Players used a console², and the games were played on TV screens. (10) The first one Baer invented was a simple “chase game,” with two squares that chased each other on the screen. (11) Then, in 1968, he came up with “ball and paddle” games. (12) Baer sold his game ideas to an electronics company. (13) In 1972, the company started selling the first video game systems based on Baer’s designs.

¹ pictures

² a board with controls on it

Which sentence best summarizes central idea of this passage?

(1) Video games today are wildly popular with their colorful graphics¹ and special effects. (2) However, the first ones ever made were black and white and much simpler. (3) They were created by a man named Ralph Baer.

(4) Baer first had the idea for these games in 1951. (5) He was working as an engineer for a company that wanted him to make the “world’s best television.” (6) So he designed a TV that would also let people play games on it. (7) The company thought this crazy idea would never sell, so they did not use it.

(8) Years later, in 1967, Baer built the first video game system. (9) Players used a console², and the games were played on TV screens. (10) The first one Baer invented was a simple “chase game,” with two squares that chased each other on the screen. (11) Then, in 1968, he came up with “ball and paddle” games. (12) Baer sold his game ideas to an electronics company. (13) In 1972, the company started selling the first video game systems based on Baer’s designs.

¹ pictures

² a board with controls on it

Choose the sentence that best summarizes paragraph 2.

(1) Video games today are wildly popular with their colorful graphics¹ and special effects. (2) However, the first ones ever made were black and white and much simpler. (3) They were created by a man named Ralph Baer.

(4) Baer first had the idea for these games in 1951. (5) He was working as an engineer for a company that wanted him to make the “world’s best television.” (6) So he designed a TV that would also let people play games on it. (7) The company thought this crazy idea would never sell, so they did not use it.

(8) Years later, in 1967, Baer built the first video game system. (9) Players used a console², and the games were played on TV screens. (10) The first one Baer invented was a simple “chase game,” with two squares that chased each other on the screen. (11) Then, in 1968, he came up with “ball and paddle” games. (12) Baer sold his game ideas to an electronics company. (13) In 1972, the company started selling the first video game systems based on Baer’s designs.

¹ pictures

² a board with controls on it

Which idea would be most important to include in a summary of the passage?

In the fall of 2012, an astronomer in Oregon was watching the planet Jupiter. Suddenly, he saw a bright flash! Scientists think it was probably an asteroid. An asteroid is a piece of rock that orbits the sun. Although it crashed into the giant planet, they think it was headed for Earth. Scientists believe this kind of thing may have happened many times before.

Why would the asteroids have hit Jupiter instead of the Earth? Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. This means it has the strongest gravitational pull (the force of its gravity). The great planet is also located near the “asteroid belt.” This is an area with a very high number of asteroids. Jupiter’s strong gravity attracts any passing asteroids and pulls them to its surface.

The actual chances of an asteroid crashing into earth are very slim. However, there are many such rocks in orbit around the sun, so scientists like to keep a lookout. If one were to hit, it could do a lot of damage on Earth. It is nice to know that our big brother, Jupiter, may be helping to keep us safe.

Read the following summary of the passage, and fill in the blank.

Some asteroids are probably _________ instead of the Earth because of the larger planet’s strong gravity.

In the fall of 2012, an astronomer in Oregon was watching the planet Jupiter. Suddenly, he saw a bright flash! Scientists think it was probably an asteroid. An asteroid is a piece of rock that orbits the sun. Although it crashed into the giant planet, they think it was headed for Earth. Scientists believe this kind of thing may have happened many times before.

Why would the asteroids have hit Jupiter instead of the Earth? Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. This means it has the strongest gravitational pull (the force of its gravity). The great planet is also located near the “asteroid belt.” This is an area with a very high number of asteroids. Jupiter’s strong gravity attracts any passing asteroids and pulls them to its surface.

The actual chances of an asteroid crashing into earth are very slim. However, there are many such rocks in orbit around the sun, so scientists like to keep a lookout. If one were to hit, it could do a lot of damage on Earth. It is nice to know that our big brother, Jupiter, may be helping to keep us safe.

To summarize the main point of paragraph 2,

In the fall of 2012, an astronomer in Oregon was watching the planet Jupiter. Suddenly, he saw a bright flash! Scientists think it was probably an asteroid. An asteroid is a piece of rock that orbits the sun. Although it crashed into the giant planet, they think it was headed for Earth. Scientists believe this kind of thing may have happened many times before.

Why would the asteroids have hit Jupiter instead of the Earth? Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. This means it has the strongest gravitational pull (the force of its gravity). The great planet is also located near the “asteroid belt.” This is an area with a very high number of asteroids. Jupiter’s strong gravity attracts any passing asteroids and pulls them to its surface.

The actual chances of an asteroid crashing into earth are very slim. However, there are many such rocks in orbit around the sun, so scientists like to keep a lookout. If one were to hit, it could do a lot of damage on Earth. It is nice to know that our big brother, Jupiter, may be helping to keep us safe.

Choose the best summary of paragraph 3.

In the fall of 2012, an astronomer in Oregon was watching the planet Jupiter. Suddenly, he saw a bright flash! Scientists think it was probably an asteroid. An asteroid is a piece of rock that orbits the sun. Although it crashed into the giant planet, they think it was headed for Earth. Scientists believe this kind of thing may have happened many times before.

Why would the asteroids have hit Jupiter instead of the Earth? Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. This means it has the strongest gravitational pull (the force of its gravity). The great planet is also located near the “asteroid belt.” This is an area with a very high number of asteroids. Jupiter’s strong gravity attracts any passing asteroids and pulls them to its surface.

The actual chances of an asteroid crashing into earth are very slim. However, there are many such rocks in orbit around the sun, so scientists like to keep a lookout. If one were to hit, it could do a lot of damage on Earth. It is nice to know that our big brother, Jupiter, may be helping to keep us safe.