A foot consisting of 2 unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable, is known as ____________________.

"Get a life."

Close repetition of vowel sounds is known as _________________.

"All the apples are angry at the avocados."

_____________________ is unrhymed iambic pentameter.

"It is not nor it cannot come to good, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue."

A deliberate rhetorical, grammatical, or rhythmic pause, break, cut, turn, division, or pivot in poetry is known as a ____________________.

"The headphone explodes, || breaking the mold Roses, roses! || Two bucks a bunch! They sayThe boys in the street, || ready to sell you."

A poetry ______________________ is a small book of about 24-50 pages.

Close repetition of consonant sounds–anywhere within the words is called ______________________.

"Stueve asked several students to please sit down."

A _________________ is a stanza of 2 lines; often, a pair of rhymed lines.

"Blessed are you whose worthiness gives scope,

Being had, to triumph; being lacked, to hope."

A foot consisting of a stress followed by 2 unstressed syllables is known as a ___________________.

"Half a league, half a league."

A line consisting of 10 syllables. is a ____________________________________ line.

"Two households, both alike in dignity."

An _______________________ is a continuation of sense and rhythmic movement from one line to the next; also called a “run-on” line.

"To be, or not to be- that is the question:

Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to."

A brief ending (usually to a ballade or sestina) no more than 4 lines long; summary, or an ________________.

From the end of "On a Fan"

"Where are the secrets it knew?

Weavings of plot and of plan?

–But where is the Pompadour, too?

This was the Pompadour's Fan!"

A short verse, note, or quotation that appears at the beginning of a poem or section; usually presents an idea or theme on which the poem elaborates, or contributes background information not reflected in the poem itself, is known as a _______________________.

"Behind every great fortune, there is a crime." is a quote from Honoré de Balzac that is at the beginning of the novel The Godfather.

A unit of measure in a metrical line of poetry is a __________________.

The first typeset version of a poem, magazine, and/or book/chapbook is known as the ________________.

A line consisting of 11 syllables is a __________________.

A _______________________ is a line consisting of 6 metrical feet.

"The immortal desire of immortals we saw in their faces and sighed."

A foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stress is known as an ________________.

"A bit/ter pill."

The rhythmic measure of a line is the _______________.

A stanza with 8 lines is an _______________________.

An ______________________ is a line consisting of 8 syllables.

"This is an example of it."

A line consisting of 5 metrical feet is written in _____________________________.

"If music be the food of love, play on!"

A stanza of 4 lines is a ______________________.

A stanza of 5 lines is a ________________.

A repeated line within a poem, similar to the chorus of a song, is known as the _______________________.

The words "The Raven" in the poem "The Raven."

Words that sound alike, especially words that end with the same sound, are __________________ words.

The beat and movement of language (rise and fall, repetition and variation, change of pitch, mix of syllables, melody of words) is the language's _______________________.

A stanza of 7 lines is a _________________.

A stanza of 6 lines is a ________________.

A _______________________ is a foot consisting of 2 stressed syllables.

The prose equivalent to a ________________ is a paragraph.

A stanza of 3 lines is a __________________.

A line consisting of 4 metrical feet is in _____________________.

A foot consisting of a stress followed by an unstressed syllable is a _________________.

The action that makes up the story is known as the ____________________.

The person or character who is actually telling the story, is the ________________________.

The lesson the story teaches is the story's ___________________________.

The feeling a piece of literature is intended to create in the reader is known as the _________________.

The action and dialogue following the climax that lead the reader into the story’s end is known as ___________________________________.

The part of the story, usually near the beginning, in which the characters are introduced, the background is explained, and the setting is described is known as the ______________________.

The conversations that characters have with one another is known as the story's ______________________.

An ________________________ is a writer's story of their own life.

A _______________________ is a writer's account of another person's life.

Writing that deals with life in a humorous way, often poking fun at people’s mistakes is known as a ____________________.

A short piece of nonfiction that expresses the writer’s opinion or shares information about a subject is known as an _____________________.

A short story that often uses talking animals as the main characters and teaches an explicit moral or lesson is known as a ______________________.

A _______________________ is a story set in an imaginary world in which the characters usually have supernatural powers or abilities.

A ___________________ is originally passed from one generation to another by word of mouth only. The characters are usually all good or all bad and in the end are rewarded or punished as they deserve.

A _______________________ story is a made-up story that is based on a real time and place in history, so fact is mixed with fiction.

A ___________________ is a traditional story intended to explain some mystery of nature, religious doctrine, or cultural belief. The gods and goddesses of these stories have supernatural powers, but the human characters usually do not.

A book-length, fictional prose story is known as a ________________________. Because of its length, its characters and plot are usually more developed than those of a short story.

A literary work that uses concise, colorful, often rhythmic language to express ideas or emotions is known as a _________________________. Examples: ballad, blank verse, free verse, elegy, limerick, sonnet.

A ______________________ is shorter than a novel and a novella. This piece of literature can usually be read in one sitting. Because of its length, it has only a few characters and focuses on one problem or conflict.

A __________________________ is usually a humorous, exaggerated story often based on the life of a real person. The exaggerations build until the character can accomplish impossible things. Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill are two characters with several of these types of stories.

When an author drops creative hints to prepare the reader for what is to come, and help the reader anticipate the outcome, the author is ________________________.

When the narrator is a character in the story and uses “I,” “we,” etc. when describing the characters, this story is told in _________ person point of view.

When the narrator is outside the story and uses “he,” “she,” “they” to describe the characters, this is _______ person point of view

When the third-person narrator tells only what one character perceives, it is an example of 3rd person ______________ point of view.

When the third-person narrator tells what all characters perceive, it is an example of 3rd person ______________ point of view.

An ______________________ is a story that is used to represent a more general message about real-life (historical) issues and/or events. It is typically an entire book, novel, play, etc. One of the most famous ones is George Orwell's Animal Farm.

Tongue twisters use ______________________ which is a series of words or phrases that all (or almost all) start with the same consonant sound.

_________________________ is when an author makes an indirect reference to a figure, place, event, or idea originating from outside the text. Many make reference to previous works of literature or art or even historical figures or events, such as: "Stop acting like you're Einstein. You're not."

An _______________________________ occurs when there is an (intentional) error in the chronology or timeline of a text. This could be a character who appears in a different time period than when he actually lived, or a technology that appears before it was invented. They are often used for comedic effect. Great examples of this can be found in the film A Knight's Tale.

__________________________ is the use of informal language and slang. It's often used by authors to lend a sense of realism to their characters and dialogue. Forms include words, phrases, and contractions that aren't real words (such as "gonna" and "ain’t").

A ____________________________ is a more mild or indirect word or expression used in place of another word or phrase that is considered harsh, blunt, vulgar, or unpleasant.

An _______________________ is when an author inserts a famous quotation, poem, song, or other short passage or text at the beginning of a larger text (e.g., a book, chapter, etc.). Some pieces of literature, such as Herman Melville’s 1851 novel Moby-Dick, incorporate multiple epigraphs throughout.

A _____________________ is an interruption in a narrative that depicts events that have already occurred, either before the present time or before the time at which the narration takes place.

________________________ is when an author indirectly hints at—through things such as dialogue, description, or characters’ actions—what’s to come later on in the story. This device is often used to introduce tension to a narrative.

____________________ is an exaggerated statement that's not meant to be taken literally by the reader. It is often used for comedic effect and/or emphasis.

_____________________ is when an author describes a scene, thing, or idea so that it appeals to our senses (taste, smell, sight, touch, or hearing). This device is often used to help the reader clearly visualize parts of the story by creating a strong mental picture.

____________________ is when a statement is used to express an opposite meaning than the one literally expressed by it. There are several types in literature.

In Edgar Allan Poe's "The Cask of Amontillado," when Montresor says, "And I, Fortunato—I drink to your long life," he is committing an act of ________________ irony because he does not mean what he says.

__________________ irony occurs when something happens that's the opposite of what was expected or intended to happen.

Example

In the movie Shrek, it was expected that “love’s true form” for Fiona would be human when in reality it was an ogre because Shrek loved her ogre form.

___________________ irony occurs when the audience is aware of the true intentions or outcomes, while the characters are not.

Example

In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo commits suicide in order to be with Juliet; however, the audience (unlike poor Romeo) knows that Juliet is not actually dead—just asleep.

____________________ irony would only be used for dramatic effect in real life, but it basically blames the gods or fate for having a hand in our struggles. For example, Oedipus Rex's desire to defy the prediction that he would one day kill his father and marry his mother is what led him to kill his father and marry his mother.

The juxtaposition between a historical event and what has happened since to contradict it is __________________ irony. For example, leading up to its departure in 1912, the Titanic was declared unsinkable – and then it sunk on its maiden voyage.

__________________ irony is feigning ignorance in order to get a certain reaction or answer out of someone. Stueve often teaches using this method.

________________________ is the comparing and contrasting of two or more different (usually opposite) ideas, characters, objects, etc. This literary device is often used to help create a clearer picture of the characteristics of one object or idea by comparing it with those of another. Most famously, Charles Dickens uses this at the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times..."

______________________ happens when an incorrect word is used in place of a word that has a similar sound. This misuse of the word typically results in a statement that is both nonsensical and humorous; as a result, this device is commonly used in comedic writing.

Example

"I just can't wait to dance the flamingo."

There is no dance called "flamingo," rather "flamenco."

____________________ occur when ideas, actions, or objects are described in non-literal terms. In short, it’s when an author compares one thing to another. The two things being described usually share something in common but are unalike in all other respects.

Contrary to popular belief, a ________________ (comparison using 'like' or 'as') is a type of metaphor, not a wholly different device.

A _______________________ occurs when a related word or phrase is substituted for the actual thing to which it's referring. This device is usually used for poetic or rhetorical effect.

Example

"The pen is mightier than the sword." This statement, which was coined by Edward Bulwer-Lytton in 1839, contains two examples: "the pen" refers to "the written word," and "the sword" refers to "military force/violence."

________________________ is a word (or group of words) that represents a sound and actually resembles or imitates the sound it stands for. It is often used for dramatic, realistic, or poetic effect.

Examples

Buzz, boom, chirp, creak, sizzle, zoom.

An ______________________ is a combination of two words that, together, express a contradictory meaning. This device is often used for emphasis, for humor, to create tension, or to illustrate a paradox.

Examples

Deafening silence, organized chaos, cruelly kind, insanely logical.

A __________________ is a statement that appears illogical or self-contradictory but, upon investigation, might actually be true or plausible.

Probably the most famous examples of one of these is as follows: "This statement is false." If the statement is true, then it isn’t actually false (as it suggests). But if it’s false, then the statement is true! Thus, this statement is a paradox because it is both true and false at the same time.

___________________ is when a nonhuman figure or other abstract concept or element is given human-like qualities or characteristics. It is used to help the reader create a clearer mental picture of the scene or object being described.

Example

"The wind moaned, beckoning me to come outside."

_____________________ is when a word or phrase is written multiple times, usually for the purpose of emphasis. It is often used in poetry (for purposes of rhythm as well).

Example

"And love is love is love is love is love is love is love is love cannot be killed or swept aside." --Lin Manuel Miranda

A type of monologue that's often used in dramas, a ________________________ is when a character speaks aloud to himself (and to the audience), thereby revealing his inner thoughts and feelings.

Example

Juliet's balcony speech in Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet, beginning with "O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou, Romeo?"

_________________ refers to the use of an object, figure, event, situation, or other idea in a written work to represent something else, typically a broader message or deeper meaning that differs from its literal meaning. For example, in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the green light across the water from Gatsby's house represents his hopes and dreams.

A _________________________ is a literary device in which part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa. It's similar to a metonym; however, a metonym doesn't have to represent the whole, just something associated with the word used.

Example

"Help me out! I need some hands!" "Hands" represents people.

Simile and metaphor are both forms of ________________________, the illustration of one idea by a more familiar or accessible idea that is in some way parallel.

Example

In his novel Cocktail Hour, P.G. Wodehouse uses the analogy of a man expecting to hear a rose petal drop in the Grand Canyon to illustrate the futility of a novelist hoping for swift success. It is as unlikely to hear that rose petal drop as it is for a novelist to get great success on their first try.

_______________________ is a slippery concept that can sometimes be deeply embedded in a work’s themes or narrative, and sometimes closer to the surface in the actions or behavior of characters.

Example

Jonathan Swift’s 1726 novel Gulliver’s Travels is an example of this type of fiction.

________________________ is the interpretation of a nonhuman animal, event, or object as embodying human qualities or characteristics.

Example

Inanimate objects such as Mrs. Potts and Lumiere in Beauty and the Beast.

The word choice and speaking style of a writer or character is that character's ___________________. For example, In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck speaks in a distinctive way characterized by his lack of education and outsider status, this is his __________________.

A poem expressing grief over a death is an _______________.

An ___________________ is a moment of sudden realization by a character. For example, in the film, Clueless, Cher realizing she's in love with her step-brother is one of these.

____________________is a vivid, often dramatic, verbal description of a visual work of art, either real or imagined.

A figure of speech that is indecipherable based on the words alone is an ___________________.

“Don’t cut any corners” is one of these; on its surface, it doesn’t make sense but is a known phrase that means don’t take shortcuts.

__________________ is using more words than necessary to express an idea, otherwise known as being redundant. For instance, "I saw it with my own eyes."

_________________________ is fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or time travel and life on other planets.