Which of the following professionals is categorized as an applied psychologist?

What are the main goals of psychology?

If you meet a psychologist, odds are that the psychologist works as

Which of the following professionals is categorized as a basic researcher?

Which of the following issues is a clinical psychologist most likely to deal with?

What is one goal all academic psychologists share?

What is one goal that all applied research psychologists share?

Which type of psychologist is most likely to be interested in this question: Are people from the south or people from the north more likely to be aggressive in stressful situations?

Wilhelm Wundt used the research method known as

Which type of psychologist is most likely to be interested in this question: What are the personality characteristics of

the best managers in a company?

What was the primary complaint John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner had about early psychological theories that came before behaviorism?

Television shows such as CSI and Law and Order, Special Victims Unit, which center on professional investigating crime scenes, usually include

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the founder of psychology as a science because

Who founded the school of psychoanalysis?

Titchener believed that psychology should study the basic elements of conscious experience. This school of thought is

referred to as

Which psychological perspective is most directly interested in factors such as courage, perseverance, forgiveness, and wisdom?

A psychologist from which of the following contemporary psychological perspectives is most likely to agree with this

statement: People act in the ways that they do because of rewards and punishments we received in the past for behaving?

Which of the following research questions would behavior geneticists be most interested in?

A psychologist from which of the following contemporary psychological perspectives is most likely to agree with this statement: What we remember from past experiences and how we interpret events cause us to behave and think in certain ways?

Which psychological perspective is most directly interested in how our genes and our experiences combine to form our personalities?

Which of the following is most similar to the nature-nurture issue?

Which perspective would emphasize that the differing political and economic systems of the United States and China lead citizens to these two countries to adopt many different customs and attitudes?

Dr. Borg attributes the violence of criminal gang members to the norms and role expectations associated with gang membership. Her belief best illustrates a(n) __________ perspective

In twin studies, behavior geneticists are looking for

Innate ability is to learned skill as __________ is to __________.

Which of the following behaviors are our peers (instead of our parents) most likely to influence?

In a twin study, if researchers find out that the level of shyness is significantly more similar in identical twins than it is in fraternal twins, behavior geneticists might conclude that shyness is

If adopted children are more similar in political interests to their adopted parents than to their biological parents, then

The mother contributes 23 __________ to her child.

What are genes?

Which of the following contributes most to genetic diversity?

Sabrina from Isamanig, Germany, is visiting Germantown High School in Wisconsin with a student exchange program

between Germany and the United States. During her visit, Sabrina is having trouble understanding what some of the

“proper” behaviors are in the United States versus the “proper” behaviors in Germany. Sabrina is having problems

understanding American cultural

Using the scientific method usually involves

If a researcher wanted to study a unique situation, such as a child who grows up in a household in which four different

languages are spoken, the researcher should probably choose which method?

One advantage of the scientific method over other ways of understanding the world is

If a researcher wants to know whether psychology teachers are more or less likely to have higher IQs than other kinds

of teachers, which of the following research methods should be used?

To ensure that other researchers can repeat their work, psychologists use

In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, memory is the

Are longitudinal studies or cross-sectional studies more common, and why?

In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on motivation, exercise is the

A researcher concerned about the effect of confirmation bias when thinking about a hypothesis might want to

What is the most important caution you would give to a researcher interested in using a survey to discover people’s

opinions about homework?

A researcher using statistics to analyze the results of an experiment is most likely looking for the difference in

In order to determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of subjects is given a pill that contains the drug.

A second group is given a sugar pill that does not contain the drug. This second group constitutes the

A research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants. One group received a one-time treatment,

and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatment had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research

A psychologist studies the play behavior of third-grade children by watching groups during recess at school. Which

research strategy is being used?

Well-done surveys measure attitudes in a representative subset, or _____, of an entire group, or _____.

Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological Association to ethical issues in research?

In a research study, informed consent is a concern of

Why do some researchers use placebos in experiments?

A college student is conducting a survey to learn how many hours the typical college student studies each day. She

plans to pass out her questionnaire to the members of her sorority. Why might her finding be flawed?

A professor constructs a questionnaire to determine how students at the university feel about nuclear disarmament. Which of the following techniques should be used in order to survey a random sample of the student body?

A researcher who lies to participants about the true goal of the study needs to be careful about what APA ethical principle?

Psychologists study animals because

In a frequency distribution, the mean will be closest to the scores in the _____ of the distribution.

In a set of scores with a wide range and large variation, the _____ would be relatively large.

If there is no relationship between two sets of scores, the correlation coefficient equals

If shoe size and IQ are negatively correlated, which of the following is true?

When a difference between two groups is “statistically significant,” this means that

A student’s test score of 86 is at the 42nd percentile. This means that the student has

Body system that sends and brings information from the brain to the body and vise versa.

The function of dendrites is to:

In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal within a single neuron travels from the

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the

Increasing the intensity of stimulus above the threshold will not similarly increase the intensity of a neural response to that stimulus. This highlights the nature of the

A synapse is a(n):

The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess activity at receptor sites for the neurotransmitter

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.

The central nervous system consists of

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls glandular activity and the muscles of internal organs is called the

You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the

After discovering that the shadows outside his window were only the trees in the yard, Klaus’s blood pressure decreased and heartbeat slowed. These physical reactions were most directly regulated by his:

Sarin Gas disrupts the function of this neurotransmitter and often leads to death.

Too much of this neurotransmitter can cause seizures and malfunction has also been associated with Alzheimer’s.

Sarah has been experiencing hallucinations, she may have too many

The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the:

This is the oldest part of the brain and is responsible for autonomic survival functions

Which region of the brainstem arouses you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?

Simon was involved in a car accident and has damage to his reticular formation, what might this cause?

Which component of the limbic system plays an essential role in the formation of new memories?

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, Professor Quazi should electrically stimulate the rat’s:.

Communication system of the body that controls hormone producing glands.

Body’s ultimate control and information processing center that is divided into four lobes.

Which lobe of the brain receives the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?

The surgical removal of a large tumor form Dane’s occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of:

The occipital lobes are to _______ as the temporal lobes are to ____________.

. In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko’s ability to:

The part of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as:

The corpus callosum is a band of neural fibers that:

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce:

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into:

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release _____ into your bloodstream.

The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the

Circadian rhythm refers to

REM sleep is paradoxical sleep because

Three hours after going to sleep, Hannah’s heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Hannah is

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to _____ obesity and _____ memory

REM sleep is _____ by alcohol and ____ by sleeping pills

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep?

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

While under hypnosis, Juanita describes her experiences of being kidnapped at age 5. In suggesting that she will soon forget this traumatic event, the hypnotist is encouraging Juanita to experience

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

Why has the Federal Communications Commission set up rules preventing anyone from broadcasting the hypnotic induction on TV?

Derek was hypnotized during a homecoming assembly. Near the end of the show, the hypnotist suggested that each time the hypnotist would state his name in his closing comments, Derek would stand up and scream, “You’re a fake!” Everyone on stage, including Derek, was brought out of the hypnotic trance and took their seats in the audience. The hypnotist thanked the audience for their attention and stated his name. Derek stood up and with a loud voice screamed, “You’re a fake!” Derek behavior was the result of:

A number of studies have found that people who receive treatment of any kind tend to show improvement due to their expectations. This is referred to as

Jack has just fallen asleep and suddenly experiences an abrupt jerking of his body. This is referred to as

Another name for sleep walking is

Using hypnosis to help someone quit smoking or lost weight, a hypnotist is most likely to use

Twenty-eight-year-old Leo has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to remember his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

Jon’s 6 year old son, Sam, has woken up screaming and sweating in the middle of the night, but he cannot remember what he is dreaming about. Sam is most likely suffering from

Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha’s skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

Nina had the flu last year and had gotten sick after eating fish. Now anytime she smells fish she feels nauseous. In this situation the smell of fish is the ____.

In Pavlov’s experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was

In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n)

In Pavlov’s experiments the dog’s salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n)

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a

Extinction occurs when a _____ is no longer paired with a _____.

MaKayla developed an intense fear of flying 5 years ago when she was in a place crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction the _____ is _____.

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates

Stacey is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of

Humans most easily develop a conditioned aversion to alcohol if its taste is associated with a(n)

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

A Skinner box is a(n)

Every Saturday morning Arnold quickly washes the family’s breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and has refused to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher has used the method of

Positive reinforcers _____ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcers _____ the rate of operant responding

The taste of food and the termination of painful electric shock are both _____ reinforcers.

Smoking, excessive drinking, and drug abuse demonstrate our greater responsiveness to _____ reinforcement than to _____ reinforcement.

Gamblers who insert coins in a slot machine are reinforced on a _____ schedule.

An executive in computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the 5 minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a _____ schedule.

After a week at college, Su-Chuan has formed a mental representation of the layout of the campus and no longer gets lost. Su-Chuan has developed

Mel and Ben, both 4-year-olds, have been watching reruns of “Superman” on television. Ben’s mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying, What best accounts for the boys’ behavior?

Mr. Paddington frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals, by he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to

Sensation is to __________ as perception is to __________.

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly ever detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall’s

If a partially deaf person’s hearing ability __________, his or her absolute threshold for sound __________.

Failure to realize how hot the bath water really is after you have been sitting in it for ten minutes best illustrated the process of sensory

Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to:

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?

Hair cells are to the auditory system as __________ are to vision.

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different colors of light?

When most people stare first at a green circle and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the after image of the circle appears

Weber’s law is to difference thresholds as the opponent-process theory is to

Brightness is to light as __________ is to sound.

The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of

The opponent-process theory is to our sense of color as the gate-control theory is to our sense of

According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains causing the

Receptor cells for our sense of __________ reproduce themselves every week or two.

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called

A gestalt is best described as a(n)

The perception of an object as distinct from its surrounding is called

As the airplane descended for a landing, the pilot saw several beautiful islands that appeared to float in a vast expanse of blue ocean water. In this instance, the ocean is a