WorksheetsTVMSC Biology, cellular genetics, chapter 8 review, part 1
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 18mins
Which is true?
a gene contains many chromosomes
a chromosome contains many genes
Different versions of a gene often occur in a population ; these are called
gene variations
gene variants
homologous genes
alleles
Alleles are created by
"intentional" changes created by a cell
mutation
A mutation is
an accident during DNA replication
a "directed" or "intentional" change to the DNA, caused a cell's biochemical machinery
an accident during gene transcription
an accident during gene translation
"transcription" is
making a protein directly from the information in DNA
making a protein, based on the informatiion in messenger RNA
making RNA, using DNA as a template
copying DNA, making a new strand
In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs
in the cytoplasm
in a ribosome
in a mitochondrion
in the nucleus
"translation" is
making mRNA, using DNA as a template
making a protein, using DNA as a template
making a protein, using the information in mRNA
gene expression refers to
making a gene product, usually a carbohydrate
making a gene product, usually a protein
making a gene product, usually a lipid
making a gene product, usually DNA or RNA
gene expression is a two-step process,
DNA replication followed by translation
translation followed by ttranscription
transcription followed by translation
transcription followed by DNA replication
The versions of a gene that we call alleles are
totally different genes
clearly the same gene, but differing somewhat in nucleotide sequence
We can expect that the alleles of a gene produce
completely different gene products, for example, different proteins
recognizably the same gene product (e.g., a protein), but slightly different versions of the protein
mitosis is a type of cell division that
reduces the ploidy level in the daughter cells
increased the ploidy level in the daughter cells
maintains the same ploidy level in the daughter cells
mitosis is used for
making gametes
growth
tissue repair
asexual reproduction
in the absence of mutation, mitosis produces daughter cells that are
genetically different from the "parental" cell
genetically identical to the "parental" cell
either could occur
meiosis is a type of cell division used for
making somatic (body) cells
growth and tissue repair
making gametes
making eggs and sperm
meiosis
reduces the ploidy level of the resulting daughter cells
maintains the same ploidy level in the resulting daughter cells
increases the ploidy level in the resulting daughter cells
in a diploid organism, "n = 8" tells you that
there is a total of 8 chromosomes in each somatic cell
their is a total of 8 chromosomes in each gamete
8 is the diploid chromosome number
8 is the haploid chromosome number
in a diploid organism, "n = 8" tells you that
the diploid number is 16
there are 16 total chromosomes in each somatic cell
there are 16 homologous chromosome pairs in each somatic cell
there are 8 homologous chromosome pairs in each somatic cell
in a diploid organism, "2n = 18" tells you that
there are 18 different "types" of chromosome in each somatic cell
there are 9 homologous chromosome pairs in each somatic cell
a sperm or egg would contain 18 chromosomes
a sperm or egg would contain 9 chromosomes total
a mutation in one of your skin cells
would be passed on to your offspring
would not be passed on to your offspring
could help contribute to formation of skin cancer
would definitely cause skin cancer
the cell cycle is
an orderly sequence of events between one cell division and the next
an unpredictable sequence of events between one cell division and the next
normally the cell cycle
is closely controlled
is a haphazard, poorly-controlled sequence of events
When a lineage of cells escapes from the normal controls on the cell cycle
this can cause uncontrolled cell division
this can cause cancer
A "growth factor" is a signal molecule
that a cell must receive in order to keep dividing
that normally must come from outside the cell
that is usually produced by the dividing cell itself
A cancerous cell
often can divide without receiving a growth factor
may be able to make its own growth factor
must receive growth factor from outside in order to divide
"density-dependent inhibition" means that
cell division continues, no matter what
cell division stops when cells reach a certain level of crowding
Cancerous cells
are immune to "density-dependent inhibition"
are just as subject to density-dependent inhibition as any normal cell
"Anchorage dependence" means that, in order to divide, cells
normally must be attached to a substrate (attached to something)
can divide even when they are floating free
Cancer cells
are just as subject to anchorage dependence as any other cell
often escape from anchorage dependence
can sometimes "metastasize'--travel to other parts of the body
A tumor
is an abnormal mass of cells
can be either cancerous or non-cancerous
A benign tumor is
an abnormal mass, but of normal cells
not cancer
often totally survivable
A malignant tumor is
cancer
any tumor--they are all malignant
What process during meiosis creates much genetic recombination
interphase
prophase
crossing over
gene expression
In crossing-over, members of a homologous chromosome pair
hang out together and that's about all
exchange pieces
essentially create new chromosomes, by exchanging pieces
Is it true that, when a sexually-reproducing individual reproduces, it does not pass on precisely the chromosomes it received from its parents?
no, of course not
yes
huh?
Is it true that a sexually-reproducing organism takes each homologous chromosome pair and swaps pieces between them, creating essentially new chromosomes?
whatever...
Are you crazy?
No way!
Duhhh...yes!
As a result of crossing over, could the chromosomes YOU put in a gamete contain combinations of alleles on a single chromosome, that did NOT occur on a single chromosome in the chromosomes you got from your parents?
say what?
Not likely
Yes, this is quite possible
No, this is impossible
