People in Haiti suffer greatly from floods. Ideas about improving the lives of Haitians include restoring native forests and decreasing farming on the hillside.

The information Most relates to adaptive measures affecting.

The Toubon Law was enacted in France in 1994. It required businesses to use the French language in communication with consumers.

What was most likely the purpose of the Toubon Law

Ways Some Inuit Hunters Have Adapted to Climate Change in the Canadian Arctic

•driving vehicles around waterways with thin ice

•carrying satellite phones for use in unpredictable weather

•relying on store-bought food to wait out storms

The list BEST supports the idea that adaptations have caused some Inuit hunters to

The San people of southern Africa have lived by hunting and gathering since ancient times. In the twentieth century, San people were displaced in great numbers from their traditional lands. Surviving San in Botswana were removed by the government from a game reserve where they were still attempting to hunt in 2002.

Which of these BEST describes the adaptive strategy of the San as presented in the information?

Measures Taken by the Nation of Bhutan to Preserve Culture

•holding traditional festivals

•favoring traditional dress

•?

Which of these BEST completes the list?

Recent Strategies Used to Improve Agriculture in Western India

•digging deeper wells

•planting crops that use less water

•traveling to distant areas to gather plants to feed animals

Which of these BEST describes the strategies in the list?

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of many nations that provides financial assistance to nations in need.

Why do many anti-globalization activists oppose the International Monetary Fund?

Globalization in modern times has increased the use of tax havens. Tax havens are used by some companies to take advantage of the lower tax rates of other nations. As a result, large amounts of tax revenue are lost in many nations.

Based on the information, what action would social movements MOST likely endorse?

Which of these BEST describes a question asked by human rights activists in response to the economic trend of globalization?

After North Korea was established as a communist state in the late 1940s, it would only trade with other communist governments such as the Soviet Union and China.

The information describes how the government of North Korea

In 2014, the United States took measures against Russia for its invasion of the Crimean Peninsula. Measures included bans on sending Russia technology that supports the production of oil products for export.

This information suggests that Russia’s political actions have impacted its ability to

In the 1980s, Vietnam introduced market reforms, opened up the country for foreign investment, and improved the business climate. It became one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Vietnam’s rapid economic transformation and global integration has lifted millions out of poverty and has propelled the country to the ranks of lower-middle-income status.

— U.S. Department of State Factsheet, 2015

Based on the information, what caused Vietnam’s economic success in the 1980s?

The U.S. Government, through executive orders issued by the President as well as congressional legislation, prohibits nearly all trade and investment with Iran by U.S. persons, but maintains broad authorizations and exceptions that allow for the sale of food, medicine, and medical devices by U.S. persons or from the United States to Iran. Sanctions have been imposed on Iran because of its sponsorship of terrorism, its refusal to comply with international obligations on its nuclear program, and its human rights violations.

— Country Reports on Human Rights Practices of 2015, U.S. Department of State

Based on the information, Iran’s involvement in the global economy has been limited as a result of its government’s failure to

Globalization has caused some social activists to monitor the actions of multinational corporations because they believe the corporations

The World Bank is an international organization that supports infrastructure and private business projects in developing nations.

Which argument is made by many anti-globalization activists that oppose the World Bank?

Some U.S. Sanctions Against a Nation

•New investments in the country are banned

•Services cannot be sold to the country

•Oil cannot be imported from the country

These sanctions were MOST likely placed against which country for sponsoring terrorism?

U.S. policy toward Cuba is focused on supporting our values, such as freedom of speech and assembly and the ability to access information, through engagement. The U.S. government is reaching out to the Cuban people by fostering increased travel access and people-to-people exchanges, encouraging the development of telecommunications and the internet, and creating opportunities for U.S. businesses to support the growth of Cuba’s nascent [growing] private sector.— U.S. Department of State Factsheet, 2015

Based on the information, United States policy toward Cuba connects benefits of participation in a global economy with

Globalization has increased the concerns of environmentalists. Nations use more energy for industrial activity as the global economy grows. Energy production that produces high levels of pollution may be decreased in nations with pollution controls and increased in nations without pollution controls.

Based on the information, environmentalists haveMOST likely organized to support which of these initiatives?

Which of these facts BEST describes why globalization has created a social concern in some nations about the preservation of local cultures?

Why do social activists support the interests of migrant workers?

Why do anti-globalization activists oppose free trade agreements?

Economic sanctions such as trade restrictions and freezing of assets would MOST likely be imposed by the United States against a nation that

When the Cuban Revolution ended in 1959, Cuba became a socialist state. It nationalized the privately owned American oil refineries in Cuba and refused to compensate American owners for them. In response, the United States imposed an embargo on Cuba in 1960.

Based on the information, trade between the United States and Cuba was disrupted due to

In 2016, the United Nations Security Council voted to penalize North Korea for developing a nuclear weapons program. The penalty banned North Korea from exporting natural resources such as coal.

The information suggests that North Korea’s political actions have impacted its ability to

Why do some governments restrict freedom of the press?

Christians, Jews, and Muslims all believe . . .• that Abraham was a prophet

• that there is an afterlife

• that prayer is important

• ?

Which of these would BEST replace the question mark on the chart?

Features of a Continent

•the Amazon River

•the Andes Mountains

•the city of Sao Paulo

Which continent is described in the box?

Features of a Continent

•Rocky Mountains

•Great Lakes

•Great Plains

Which continent is described in the box?

Newspapers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been censored.

Which excerpt from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is MOST related to this activity?

Places in a Nation

•the Baja California Peninsula

•the city of Guadalajara

•the Yucatan Peninsula

•the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range

Which nation is described in the box?

Cities on a Continent

•Berlin

•Paris

•Rome

Where are these cities located?

Beliefs of a Religion

• a New Testament continues the story of the Old Testament

• a Messiah came to save humanity

• the Messiah will return

Which event is MOST related to government failure to protect the human right to religious freedom?

Features of a Continent

•Nile River

•Sahara Desert

•Mount Kilimanjaro

The Strait of Hormuz, which is located between Oman and Iran, connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Hormuz is the world’s most important oil chokepoint due to its daily oil flow of almost 17 million barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2011 . . . On average, 14 crude oil tankers per day passed through the Strait in 2011, with a corresponding amount of empty tankers entering to pick up new cargos. . . . —U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012

Which factor MOST jeopardizes the activity described in this excerpt?

The term “site-specific farming” or “precision farming” means carefully tailoring soil and crop management to fit the different conditions found in each field. . . . Satellite remote sensing data . . . have been used to distinguish crop species and locate stress conditions in the field.—“Manipulation of High Spatial Resolution Aircraft Remote Sensing Data For Use in Site-Specific Farming,” G.B. Senay et al., 1998

How has this technique transformed crop management?

Which title BEST describes this list?

• Walkabouts • Cricket • Rugby • Didgeridoo

Use the information to answer the question.

Characteristics of ? • Produces some of the world’s highest quality diamonds• Has weakened economy from years of civil war

Which country BEST completes the title?

Which of these BEST explains one of the reasons why Africa is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species?

The lack of a reliable transportation system in Sierra Leone has affected the country’s ability to distribute which product?

Argentina is known as a major global exporter of

Why is Ramadan significant to Muslims?

The Jewish teaching “honor your father and mother” was first described in which of the following?

A comparison of the gross domestic product of two nations is MOST useful in determining

In 1981, President Ronald Reagan announced an agreement between the United States and Japan that would limit Japanese automobile exports to the United States to 1.68 million cars per year.

What was one expected outcome of this action?

Amnesty International• Began in 1961 in response to the imprisonment of two Portuguese students• Works to defend freedom of expression• Focuses on protecting women’s rights• Advocates abolishing the death penalty

Which statement BEST illustrates the principles behind the work of organizations such as Amnesty International?

The world experienced tremendous change during the 1500s. For the first time, inhabitants of the Americas came into regular contact with Europeans and Africans. The results of this contact reshaped populations, social relations, and culture. Societies in the Asian and Pacific regions soon became part of this system of interaction and exchange, as well.

Which heading is MOST appropriate for this information?

Until the 16th century, potatoes were grown only in South America. In 2007, the world’s leading producers of potatoes were China, Russia, India, the United States, and Ukraine.

Which development BEST explains this change?

Oxfam

• Formed in Great Britain in 1942 as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

• Campaigned for food supplies to be sent to Greek citizens who were starving because of a naval blockade during World War II

• Currently campaigns to end unfair labor rules, demand better health and education services, and combat climate change

• Currently has 17 member organizations

What aspect of organizations such as Oxfam make them successful in achieving their goals?

Which of the following is an action that wouldMOST closely align with the purpose of Amnesty International?

Until every person can enjoy all of their rights, we will continue our efforts. We will not stop until everyone can live in dignity. . .—Amnesty International

It is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law . . .—The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

Which event inspired the United Nations to draft of the Declaration of Human Rights in 1948?

Chinese Protectionist Policies• Chinese companies receive easier access to government credit

• Chinese companies receive preferential treatment in licensing

• Chinese companies receive preferential treatment in public contracts

• Chinese companies receive tax benefits

• Chinese companies receive lower land costs

In what way do the governmental actions listed above affect international trade?

World Wildlife Fund History• Organizers recognized a world wildlife emergency• Committed in 1961 to advocate for joint efforts to protect wildlife around the world • Pushed for shared responsibility in bringing the emergency to the attention of people worldwide

Based on the above information, how did the World Wildlife Fund hope to achieve its goal of protecting endangered animals?

To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace . . .—United Nations Charter, Article 1, Section 2.

Based upon the information above, which action would BEST fulfill a stated purpose of the United Nations?

Human rights stand upon a common basis; and by all reason that they are supported, and defended for all the human family. The essential characteristics of humanity are everywhere the same.—Frederick Douglass, 1854

The beliefs of Frederick Douglass are MOST closely reflected in which 20th century action?

Every CARE Package is a personal contribution to the world peace our nation seeks. It expresses America’s concern and friendship in a language all peoples understand.—President John F. Kennedy, 1962

Based upon President Kennedy’s statement, what role do nongovernmental organizations like CARE play in foreign relations?

Mexico is the world’s eighth largest automotive producer. Production increased by 12.01% in 2012 . . . as compared with the previous year. The United States continues to be the main destination for Mexico’s car exports, with around 68.1% of the total. . . . Mexico’s auto makers produced a record 3 million cars in 2012. —“Auto Industry Fact Sheet,” U.S. Embassy-Mexico City, 2013

Which factor BEST explains why there so many car manufacturing plants in Mexico?

Australia currently experiences land-use issues such as overgrazing and poor farming practices.

Which physical process affecting the lithosphere would be increased by these practices?

A high birth-rate and a burgeoning population of unemployed youth in the Middle East are causes for concern both within and outside the region, says Jon B. Alterman, director of the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. . . . Over 60 percent of Saudi Arabia’s population is under 30 years of age, while in Egypt, in the year 2000, 27 percent of the population was in the 15-to-30-year-old range. . . . —“Middle East Faces Challenge of Rapidly Growing Population,” IIP Digital, U.S. State Department, 2003

Which population trend is described in this excerpt?

Use the list below to answer the question.

? •A lack of roads, railways, or ports hinders transportation of goods.•Farm technology is primitive.•Access to gas and electricity is limited.•Livestock is the main source of power.

Which title BEST completes this list?

World population is projected to grow from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 8.9 billion in 2050, increasing therefore by 47 per cent. The average annual population growth rate over this half-century will be 0.77 per cent, substantially lower than the 1.76 per cent average growth rate from 1950 to 2000.—World Population to 2300, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2004

Which factor will contribute MOST to this change in the growth rate?

The scarcity of fresh water resources and the need for additional water supplies is already critical in many arid regions of the world and will be increasingly important in the future. It is very likely that the water issue will be considered, like fossil energy resources, to be one of the determining factors of world stability. Many arid areas simply do not have fresh water resources in the form of surface water such as rivers, lakes, etc. and have only limited underground water resources. . . .—“The Worldwide Need for Freshwater,” U.S. Geological Survey, 2013

Based on this excerpt, which industry will MOST likely experience an increase in demand?

Our attention to the needs of the poorest and least developed countries should not be limited to one agenda item. As our committee looks at overarching issues on poverty alleviation, sustainable development, and food security, among others, we should focus on the particular needs of the [Landlocked Developing Countries]....Landlocked Developed Countries face a unique set of challenges as they strive to further integrate in the global marketplace and lift their citizens out of poverty.—Remarks by Jennifer McGowan, U.S. adviser, on Countries in Special Situations, to the UN General Assembly’s Second Committee, 2012

Which factor is MOST likely a barrier to the countries referred to in the excerpt?

On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico (NAFTA) entered into force.•U.S. goods exported to NAFTA [countries] in 2010 were $411.5 billion . . . up 190% from 1993 (the year prior to NAFTA).•U.S. imports . . . from NAFTA totaled $506.1 billion in 2010 . . . up 235% from 1993.— “Free Trade Agreements,” Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, 2013

Based on this excerpt, which statement is the BEST criticism of NAFTA?

Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China.•It includes the southern part of the Kowloon Peninsula and more than 200 islands.•The islands are in the South China Sea and are relatively close to Taiwan, Vietnam, and Laos.•Hong Kong is one of the world’s top financial centers with a strong business environment.

Which geographic factors are MOST advantageous to economic activities in Hong Kong?

During the 1970s oil crisis, concerns over the scarcity of natural resources along with the environmental impact of the use of these resources became an important point of debate in U.S. politics.

Which phrase BEST describes one effect this crisis had in the United States?

Lake Chad, once one of the African continent’s largest bodies of fresh water . . . is now 1/20th of the size it was 35 years ago.Found at the intersection of four different countries in West Africa (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, and Cameroon), Lake Chad has been the source of water for . . . the region. . .—“Earth Observatory: Africa’s Disappearing Lake Chad,” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2001

Which factors MOST contributed to the events described in the excerpt?

What has been the MOST significant effect of the Three Gorges Dam on settlement patterns in China?

[C]oalbed natural gas (CBNG) . . . has become a valuable part of our nation’s energy portfolio. CBNG production has increased during the last 15 years and now accounts for about a twelfth of U.S. natural gas production. As America’s natural gas demand grows substantially over the next two decades, CBNG will become increasingly important for ensuring adequate and secure natural gas supplies for the United States. —The Energy Lab, U.S. Department of Energy

In order to support the production of CBNG, capital investment will MOST likely be needed in the

China’s 2010 census stated that 665.57 million people, or 49.7% of the population, lived in urban areas. This number represented a 13% increase from the urban population in the 2000 census.

Which phrase BEST explains the causes of the change being described?

. world population is expected to hit 10.1 billion by 2100, reaching 9.3 billion by the middle of this century. Essentially all of the growth will take place in less developed countries and will be predominately among the poorest populations in urban areas. . . . Between 2011 and 2100, the population of high-fertility countries . . . is projected to triple . . . while that of low-fertility countries . . . will decline by about 20 percent. —United Nations Population Fund, 2010

Which statement is CORRECT based on these trends?

In 2012, Japan had a population of 127,368,088 with 67% of its people living in cities.

Which factor BEST explains this population distribution?

During the last half of the twentieth century, large numbers of China’s population moved from rural areas to urban settings. Which factor BESTexplains this trend?

If only high-income countries limit the emission of CO2, then . . . developing countries are pushed into the production of energy intensive manufacturing . . .—Hans Timmer, World Bank, “Prospects for Development: A Forward Looking Analysis of the Global Economy,” January 2012

Which conclusion addresses the concern expressed in this statement?

In September 2008, after four-plus years of construction on a $2 billion 191-mile waterway, the city of Beijing began receiving water from the . . . southern regions of China. . . . Chinese authorities have already shown a willingness to restrict water-intensive industries and will likely continue to do so in the future as water resources face unsustainable demands.—The Pacific Institute, 2009

Which statement BEST explains the need for this policy?

Which statement BEST represents an economic action by North Korea?

Which factor was MOST responsible for the genocide that occurred in the Balkan countries in the latter part of the 20th century?

This rule will enable businesses to attract and retain highly skilled foreign workers, giving U.S. companies a competitive advantage in the world economy. . . . By extending the training period by an additional 17 months to students who are employed by businesses . . . we are further ensuring a legal workforce in the U.S. and aiding good corporate citizens.—The Department of Homeland Security, 2008

This rule indicates that the United States economy has become increasingly dependent on

The greatest increase in global trade since 1950 has occurred in South Asia and Southeast Asia because of

Use the list to answer the question.

Why Switzerland has declined to Join the European Union•The system of direct democracy would be compromised•Banking practices would be changed• ?

Which concern BEST completes this list?

Use the list below to answer the question.

Characteristics of Panama•A U.S. dollar-based economy•Gross Domestic Product based on exporting and tourism•Stratified socioeconomic classes•Organized public school system

Which is the BEST explanation for these characteristics?

Which statement is the MOST accurate assessment of the effect of multiculturalism in Quebec, Canada?

Which BEST explains the cause of the genocide in Rwanda?

Between 1994 and 2004, there were few improvements to sanitation facilities in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The percentage of people with access to sanitation facilities for South Asian countries fluctuated between 31% and 38%. People in Sub-Saharan Africa had the greatest amount of improvement. In 1994, only 18% of the population had access to sanitation facilities. However, by 2004, the country was able to match South Asia’s 2004 percentage.

Which conclusion is BEST supported by this information?

In 1994, President Bill Clinton gave an example of the criticism of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).The idea is that since we live in a global economy and there are people in other places who can work for wages we can’t live on, if we open our markets to them, they will displace our workers . . .

Which result would policies addressing this criticism and the protectionist policies in place before the Great Depression MOST likely have in common?

Natural Resources in Russia•Oil•Natural gas•Coal

Which statement correctly describes a problem associated with the resources in this list?

Elephants are in Danger of Possible Extinction

African and Asian countries consider legalizing the sale of ivory

Which point of view would express a justification for adopting this policy?

Between 1974 and 1984, direct investments in Latin America by the United States increased by 44%. Most of this investment was in manufacturing.

Which cultural change in Latin American countries does this information reflect?

The widespread scarcity, gradual destruction and . . . pollution of freshwater resources in many world regions . . . demand integrated water resources planning and management. Such integration must cover all types of . . . freshwater bodies, including both surface water and groundwater. . . . Priority, however, must be accorded to flood prevention and control measures. . . . —Report from the Division of Sustainable Development, United Nations

Which objective is the United Nations recommending in this report?

Which statement about the government of Saudi Arabia is correct?

Russian Federation•

9th most populous nation in the world

• 73% of population lives in urban areas

• 99.4% literacy rate

• 7th in GDP purchasing power in the world

• 7.6% unemployment rate in 2010

Selected Economic Agreements

• Treaty on European Union (EU)

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)

Southern Sudan voted overwhelmingly for independence, election officials have confirmed.—BBC News, February 7, 2011

Critics of U.S. participation in these international organizations base their opposition on which foreign policy concern?

Selected international organizations in which the United States is a member:• United Nations (UN)• World Trade Organization (WTO)• International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Which construction project would a city attempting to become a sustainable community add to this list?

• Incentives for environmentally friendly construction• Urban farming initiatives• ?

What is one environmental effect of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam?

Benefits of China’s Three Gorges Dam• Provides vital electricity to growing cities• Prevents or controls devastating floods• Increases commercial shipping in interior areas

Negative Effects of ? • decreased animal diversity due to permanent loss of natural habitats• soil degradation• loss of vegetation that removes carbon dioxide from the air• increased global temperatures

Which of the following BEST replaces the question mark in the title of this list?

Controlling the flow of the ? • Ancient civilizations constructed dams and canals.• In 1902, the first Aswan Dam was built. • In 1970, the Aswan High Dam was completed, creating Lake Nasser.

Which of the following BEST replaces the question mark in the title?

Effects of ? in Central Africa• Rising demand for food, water, and sanitation • Urban expansion into fragile ecosystems• Violent clashes over land

Which of these BEST completes the title?

How have increased population levels negatively affected the physical geography of Africa?

In a report issued by the European Satellite Agency in September [2005], Beijing and its environs [surrounding area] in northeast China were named as having the world’s highest levels of nitrogen dioxide—a key smog gas originating from power plants, heavy industry and vehicle emissions. —Inter Press Service, February 2006

The excerpt supports the conclusion that increased industrialization in China has

Water Tables Fall as Global Efforts FailA World Bank study indicates that China is currently over-pumping three key river basins—the Hai, which flows through Beijing and Tianjin; the Yellow; and the Huai. Since it takes 1,000 tons of water to produce 1 ton of grain, the shortfall in the Hai basin of nearly 40 billion tons of water per year means that when the aquifer is depleted [used up], the grain harvest will drop by 40 million tons. —oneworld.net July 2007

Based on this excerpt, what will be the negative effect of the loss of water?

The plunder of natural resources in Africa is widespread and has gone on for centuries. . . . Today a number of natural resources are forcibly taken away from Africa and brought into the West where they are fenced [sold illegally] as legitimate trade goods.—John E. Leigh, Ambassador of Sierra Leone to United States, U.S. Senate Testimony, February 13, 2002

In this quotation, Ambassador Leigh believes the trade in natural resources from Africa is the

Displaced two million residents • Created 370-mile-long reservoir

Which national project is described by the features listed?

North Korea, one of the world’s most centrally directed and least open economiessince the 1950s, faces chronic economic problems. • Since the 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy.—CIA World Fact Book

Based on this information, how have the different political cultures of North and South Korea affected their economies?

Between 1960 and 1970, the Egyptian government built the Aswan High Dam to limit the effects of

Beef producers are able to market products globally using the internet. Which technology makes it possible to ship their goods to international customers?

One disadvantage of slash-and-burn agriculture as practiced by indigenous people in South America is that it