Bone breaking through the surrounding tissues, including the skin, secondary to significant displacement of the bones.

Incomplete break in a bone that have not completely ossified.

Occurs when one end of the bone receives sudden torsion and the other end is fixed or stabilized.

S-shaped separation of the bone. Occurs when the foot is firmly planted and body is suddenly rotated.

Occurs in a straight line at right angle to the shaft of the bone. Usually caused by a direct blow.

Bone splits along its length. Result of jumping from a height and landing applying a force along the long axis of the bone.

Separation of bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of a ligament or tendon.

Consists of three or more fragments at the fracture site. Difficult for healing because of the displacement of the fragments. Often requires surgical intervention because of involvement of soft tissue.

Commonly occurs when falling from heights. Causes the long bone to become compressed along the long axis. Requires immediate splinting and traction to ensure normal length of the injured limb.