E. L. Thorndike opposed the idea that educational psychology must have a scientific base and should focus strongly on measurement.

In 1954, Leta Hollingworth developed the concept of programmed learning, which involved reinforcing the student after a series of steps until the student reached a learning goal.

According to a recent survey, the "best teachers" expect too much from students.

Effective teachers fail to help students become self-motivated to learn.

Effective teachers tend to be critical, aggressive, and manipulative when interacting with students.

Ineffective teachers possess commitment and motivation.

Effective teachers set high goals for their teaching and organize plans for reaching those goals.

Grade level and age tend to be good predictors of children's development.

Today, one of every five children in the United States is from an immigrant family.

Effective teachers only use assessment to document their students' performance after instruction.

Good interviews and surveys involve concrete, specific, and unambiguous questions.

A standardized test often allows a student's performance to be compared with that of other students at the same age or grade level, in many cases on a national basis.

Case studies are typically used when controlled research is conducted in the laboratory.

If the results of correlational research indicate that two traits are highly correlated, then one trait most likely is the cause of the other.

Many ethnographic studies are long-term projects.

The results of a program evaluation research can be generalized to other settings because program evaluation research usually focuses on general issues rather than on specific issues in educational practice.

In the context of teacher-as-researcher, clinical interviews help teachers obtain information about a particular issue and also provide them with a sense of how children think and feel.