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2322 - U5 - Science & Enlightenment

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An unwritten agreement between people and their government

a)

Feminism

b)

Rationalism

c)

Social Contract

d)

Feminism

2.

The process of looking at specific facts and making general rules based on those

a)

Rationalism

b)

Inductive Reasoning

c)

Natural Rights

d)

Feminism

3.

The theory that places the sun at the center of the universe

a)

Tolerance

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Heresy

d)

Scientific Method

4.

A belief that is rejected by official church doctrine

a)

Tolerance

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Heresy

d)

Separation of Power

5.

Willingness to respect different beliefs and customs

a)

Tolerance

b)

Heliocentric Theory

c)

Heresy

d)

Scientific Method

6.

The theory of dividing government power between more than one branch of government

a)

Tolerance

b)

Separation of Powers

c)

Scientific Method

d)

Heresy

7.

Rights that belong to all people from birth, including life, liberty, and property

a)

Rationilsim

b)

Inductive Reasoning

c)

Natural Rights

d)

Heresy

8.

The belief that knowledge is gained by thinking and reasoning

a)

Rationalism

b)

Inductive Reasoning

c)

Natural Rights

d)

Scientific Method

9.

A method of using observation, experiments, and careful reasoning to gain new knowledge

a)

Separation of Powers

b)

Tolerance

c)

Scientific Method

d)

Heresy

10.

believed that society and it’s government create a social contract that includes rules and duties for each

a)

Voltaire

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Copernicus

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

11.

proposed the heliocentric theory

a)

Voltaire

b)

Copernicus

c)

Galileo

d)

Jean-Jacques Rouseeau

12.

believed that men and women could think and reason equally

a)

Copernicus

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Galileo

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

13.

used a telescope to support the heliocentric theory

a)

Voltaire

b)

Copernicus

c)

Galileo

d)

Mary Wollstonecraft

14.

"I think, therefore I am"

a)

Francis Bacon

b)

Keepler

c)

Descartes

d)

Adam Smith

15.

blended Greek thinking and Christian teachings in his writing

a)

Kepler

b)

Adam Smith

c)

Fancis Bacon

d)

St. Thomas Aquinas

16.

discovered the force of gravity

a)

Kepler

b)

Francis Bacon

c)

Adam Smith

d)

Isaac Newton

17.

Scientific Method

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Kepler

c)

Francis Bacon

d)

Adam Smith

18.

used mathematics to confirm the heliocentric theory

a)

Kepler

b)

Adam Smith

c)

Francis Bacon

d)

Isaac Newton

19.

Which Enlightenment thinker inspired these words? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. …”

a)

Jean - Jacques Rousseau

b)

Montesquieu

c)

John Locke

20.

Which Enlightenment thinker inspired these words? “…That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…”

a)

Jean - Jacques Rousseau

b)

Montesquieu

c)

John Locke

21.

Which Enlightenment thinker inspires this type of democracy?

a)

Jean - Jacques

b)

Montesquieu

c)

John Locke

22.

Who was Galileo?

a)

An ancient Greek doctor whose writings about the human body became the basis for medical knowledge in the Middle Ages

b)

He discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which confirmed that planets have an oval shaped orbit around the sun

c)

Nicknamed the father of experimental design he urged that mathematics and experimentation be used to study the laws of nature

d)

Known as the father of microbiology, he used a microscope to discover that a single drop of water can contain hundreds of microorganisms

23.

Who was Johannes Kepler?

a)

An ancient Greek doctor whose writings about the human body became the basis for medical knowledge in the Middle Ages

b)

He discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which confirmed that planets have an oval shaped orbit around the sun

c)

Known as the father of microbiology, he used a microscope to discover that a single drop of water can contain hundreds of microorganisms

d)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

24.

Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

a)

He discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which confirmed that planets have an oval shaped orbit around the sun

b)

Nicknamed the father of experimental design he urged that mathematics and experimentation be used to study the laws of nature

c)

Known as the father of microbiology, he used a microscope to discover that a single drop of water can contain hundreds of microorganisms

d)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

25.

Who was Galen?

a)

An ancient Greek doctor whose writings about the human body became the basis for medical knowledge in the Middle Ages

b)

He discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which confirmed that planets have an oval shaped orbit around the sun

c)

Known as the father of microbiology, he used a microscope to discover that a single drop of water can contain hundreds of microorganisms

d)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

26.

Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

a)

He discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which confirmed that planets have an oval shaped orbit around the sun

b)

Nicknamed the father of experimental design he urged that mathematics and experimentation be used to study the laws of nature

c)

Known as the father of microbiology, he used a microscope to discover that a single drop of water can contain hundreds of microorganisms

d)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

27.

The Greek astronomer Ptolemy said that the Earth was the center of the universe

a)

Before Scientific Revolution

b)

After Scientific Revolution

28.

It was found that gravity causes objects to fall to the Earth

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

29.

Scientists regarded many beliefs of the Middle Ages to be false

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

30.

A telescope was used to increase man's knowledge of the solar system

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

31.

People believed that objects moved because angels pushed them along

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

32.

People accepted as truth the teachings of the Catholic Church and writings of ancient scholars

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

33.

Who was Copernicus?

a)

Published Concerning the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres and said that the Earth was not the center of the universe

b)

An ancient Greek doctor whose writings about the human body became the basis for medical knowledge in the Middle Ages

c)

Nicknamed the father of experimental design he urged that mathematics and experimentation be used to study the laws of nature

d)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

34.

Heavenly objects, such as the moon and stars, were viewed as being shiny, pure, and holy

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

35.

Discoveries were made about the function of muscles, joints and internal organs

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

36.

Aristotle said that air and fire rose upward because the sky was their rightful place in the universe

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

37.

The observation was made that a moving object will continue to move until the force causes it to stop

a)

Before the Scientific Revolution

b)

After the Scientific Revolution

38.

Who was William Harvey?

a)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

b)

He studied the heart and circulation of the blood through the body

c)

Wrote about the experimental science, encouraged the use of carefully organized investigation to find the truth

d)

He studied anatomy - the structure of the body - by dissecting animals and human being

39.

Who was Francis Bacon?

a)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

b)

He studied the heart and circulation of the blood through the body

c)

Wrote about the experimental science, encouraged the use of carefully organized investigation to find the truth

d)

He studied anatomy - the structure of the body - by dissecting animals and human being

40.

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

a)

He was a mathematician and scientist who discovered laws of motion, the law of gravity, and the law of inertia.

b)

He studied the heart and circulation of the blood through the body

c)

Wrote about the experimental science, encouraged the use of carefully organized investigation to find the truth

d)

He studied anatomy - the structure of the body - by dissecting animals and human being

41.

A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792: Argues for women's education and personal freedoms

a)

Olympe de Gouges

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Voltaire

42.

The Spirit of the Laws, 1748: Argued for Separation of powers into 3 branches of government to prevent any one ruler from becoming too powerful.

a)

Baron de Montesquieu

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

John Locke

d)

Denis Diderot

43.

The Encyclopedie, 170: A collection of European knowledge

a)

Voltaire

b)

Olympe de Gouges

c)

Denis Diderot

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

44.

The Social Contract, 1762: Asserted only the people had the power to rule and that people had been better in a state of nature than they were in the present time.

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Cesare Beccaria

d)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

45.

Candide, 1759 : strong supporter of freedom of speech and freedom of religion "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"

a)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

b)

John Locke

c)

Baron de Montesquieu

d)

Voltaire

46.

Two Treatises on Civil Government, 1689: Asserted men are by nature free and equal

a)

Rene Descartes

b)

John Locke

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Adam Smith

47.

On Crimes and Punishments, 1764: condemns torture and the death penalty

a)

Cesare Beccaria

b)

David Hume

c)

Thomas Jefferson

d)

Adam Smith

48.

The Wealth of Nations, 1776: talks about productivity and the division of labor

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

John Locke

c)

Adam Smith

d)

Rene Descartes

49.

Common Sense, 1776: Deism is the belief in a Creator, but not in miracles or revelation

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Baruch Spinoza

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Thomas Paine

50.

Leviathan, 1651 : Asserted humans are basically brutish and evil in a state of nature, argued for the necessity of an absolute monarchy

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Thomas Paine

c)

John Locke

d)

Voltaire

51.
Which statement best describes the beliefs of the Enlightment thinkers?
a)
They had faith that absolute monarchs would govern wisely and fairly.
b)
They believed that science and reason could improve people's lives.
c)
They believed religion alone could answer all questions about life.
d)
They believed that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew all there was to know.
52.
Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?
a)
peasants and farmers
b)
soldiers and military leaders
c)
scientist and scholars
d)
explorers and adventureers
53.
How did the Enlightenment differ from the Renaissance?
a)
During the Enlightenment, kings and queens no longer held power.
b)
During the Enlightenment, governments always treated the poor and the rich equally.
c)
During the Enlightenment, Europe became less powerful than America.
d)
During the Enlightenment, people increasingly looked to science to answer their questions about the natural world.
54.
In which part of the world did the Enlightenment begin?
a)
 Europe
b)
 the United States
c)
Asia
d)
South America
55.
Newton's theory of gravity draws what conclusions?
a)
People descended from apes.
b)
 A natural force pulls objects toward Earth.
c)
The monarch does not rule by divine right.
d)
Eating at least one apple each day promotes good health.
56.
Why was Rene Descartes known as the "father of modern philosophy"?
a)
 He wrote a new constitution for his country.
b)
He plotted to overthrow the monarch.
c)
He used reason to ask questions and find truths.
d)
He discovered medicines that improved health and increased life expectancy.
57.
Descartes encouraged people to doubt everything except ____.
a)
the word of the church.
b)
a monarch's right to rule.
c)
their own existence.
d)
the law.
58.

Which of the following ideas is associated with Thomas Hobbes?

a)

I think, therefore I am

b)

tabula rasa

c)

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

d)

the need form a strong government

59.
Which statement best describes Thomas Hobbes's conclusions about human nature?
a)
People are naturally selfish and greedy.
b)
Given the choice, people will help one another.
c)
People in society are naturally peaceful.
d)
Given a choice, people will help only family members.
60.
Which type of government did Thomas Hobbes support?
a)
an absolute monarchy.
b)
a monarch whose power is limited by parliament
c)
democracy with government officials elected by the people
d)
no government
61.
Which did Hobbes consider most important for a strong society?
a)
human rights
b)
law and order
c)
exploration and discovery
d)
scientific research
62.
What did John Locke consider a government's most important duty?
a)
 to force all citizens to practice a single religion
b)
to expand the nation's borders
c)
to avoid war and promote world peace
d)
to protect the natural rights of citizens
63.
Locke believed that a good government gets its power from ______.
a)
God.
b)
the people.
c)
military strength.
d)
a strict monarch.
64.
According to Locke, which of the following is true?
a)
People are born naturally greedy and selfish
b)
People are born with no rights whatsoever.
c)
Some people are born good while others are born evil.
d)
People develop their nature through life experiences.
65.
Both Lock and Hobbes lived through a period in English history that brought _______.
a)
many political struggles between the Parliament and the crown.
b)
a better way of life for all citizens.
c)
the collapse of the British Empire.
d)
total democracy.
66.
How did John Locke feel about England's Glorious Revolution?
a)
He was against it because it gave too much power to the monarch.
b)
He supported it because it brought a stronger Parliament and a Bill of Rights.
c)
He opposed any form of rebellion.
d)
 He was disappointed because it did not provide total democracy.
67.
Locke's ideas were considered radical because he _______.
a)
said that people had the right to overthrow a bad government.
b)
was a friend and tutor to King Charles II.
c)
left his home in England to live in Paris.
d)
had ideas that differed from those of Thomas Hobbes.
68.
What was Montesquieu's purpose in writing The Persian Letters?
a)
to promote friendship between Persia and France
b)
to encourage Persian travelers to visit France
c)
to criticize French government and society
d)
to encourage a revolution in Persia
69.
Why did Montesquieu write under a pen name?
a)
He could get in trouble for speaking against the crown.
b)
he didn't think anyone would buy a book he had written.
c)
He was embarrassed by his ideas.
d)
French noblemen weren't allowed to write books.
70.
Which of the following did Voltaire most value?
a)
an orderly society with strictly enforced laws
b)
the freedom to express one's opinions
c)
living according to the religious teachings of the church
d)
loyalty to the crown
71.
The French philosophes were ______.
a)
scholars and thinkers who considered ways to achieve a better society.
b)
monarchs who refused to give up total control.
c)
peasants and slum dwellers who launched a revolt against the crown.
d)
noble men and women of the French court.
72.
Which of John Locke's ideas inluenced the American patriots' decision to fight a war for independence from Great Britian?
a)
 People are the way they are because of the experiences in life.
b)
One's mind at birth is like a blank sheet of paper.
c)
People should rebel against a government that does not protect their rights.
d)
People learn about their world through their senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
73.
Who was known as an American philosophe?
a)
George Washington
b)
Benjamin Franklin
c)
 Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rene Descartes
74.
Which of Montesquieu's ideas greatly influenced the organization of the U.S. goverment, as outlined in the Constitution?
a)
A government needs strict laws to keep people in order.
b)
The use of reason helps people understand the world.
c)
A separation of powers will keep any one branch of government from becoming too strong.
d)
People must question everything except their own existence.
75.
William of Orange and Mary were offered the throne of England to...
a)
improve relations with Holland. 
b)
prevent succession by a Catholic monarch.
c)
strop Parliament's rule. 
d)
restore the monarchy. 
76.
The Glorious Revolution was a conflict between
a)
Catholics & Puritans.
b)
peasants & nobles. 
c)
the king and Parliament. 
d)
England & the American colonies. 
77.
All are true regarding Oliver Cromwell EXCEPT:
a)
Puritan general and leader of the New Model Army
b)
Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England. 
c)
Military dictator who claimed to favor religious toleration. 
d)
Restored the monarchy after years of infighting.
78.
Latin meaning "to have the body." It gave every prisoner the right to obtain a document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner. As a result of this, do one could be put in jail for simply opposing the ruler.
a)
Due Process of Law
b)
Rule of Law
c)
Habeaus Corpus
d)
Long Parliament
79.
William and Mary had to agree to this list of expectations before taking the throne. It included: no establishment of Parliament, the right to petition, no raising of taxes.
a)
Petition of Right
b)
English Bill of Rights
c)
Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen
d)
Declaration of Independence
80.
The English Civil war was a conflict between what two groups?
a)
Cavaliers & Roundheads
b)
The Protestant Church & Parliament
c)
Nobles & Peasants
d)
The Tudor & Stuart Families

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