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WorksheetsPediatric Nephrology
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 14mins
Which of the ff conditions most likely will present with fever, chills and flank pain
Pyelonephritis
Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
Cystitis
Kidney stones
14 year old female presented with dysuria and frequency. Urinalysis revealed only 10,000 cfu/mL. You were asked by the resident-in-charge for the next step. you answered:
Label as lower UTI. Treat with ceftriaxone.
Urinalysis is unequivocal. Do further work up
Insert foley catether to decompress bladder and get specimen (to prevent contamination)
Admit and observe the patient
The most common causative agent of lower UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella spp.
Proteus spp.
Ureoplasma ureolyticum
What is the most common cause of renal failure in pediatric patients?
Recurrent UTI
Hydronephrosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Renal tubular acidosis
The ff are basic forms of UTI except:
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Asymptomatic bacteuria
Urethritis
The ff. are true for UTI, except:
Infants <3y.o have immature kidneys that can regenerate and compensate for damage caused by UTI
UTI usually occurs by the age of 5 years in girls
Most UTI for males occur during the 1st year of life
None of the above
The ff. are glomerular diseases except:
RPGN
Minimal change kidney disease
Nephrotic syndrome
Pyelonephritis
This diagnostic modality is used to determine kidney scars
Ultrasound
Xray
Technetium
Urethrogram
What is the DOC for empiric treatment of UTI?
Ampicillin
Coamoxiclav+Aminoglycoside
Ceftriaxone
Nitrofurantoin
The ff. statements regarding UTI are true, except:
Pyelonephritis is a tubulointerstitial disease making urine specific gravity low
Follow up imaging after a previous UTI infection should be done earliest at 2 months
Kidney is a non-regenerative organ, any damage is permanent
End stage renal failure is characterized as GFR <15%
patients with cystitis would experience the ff. except:
Urinary retention
Dysuria
frequency
Urgency
The flap valve mechanism of the ureterovesical junction is:
oblique attachement of ureter to bladder
Tangential attachment of ureter to bladder
pseudovalve composed of smooth muscles at the junction
Flap made by the outgrowth of the bladder to cover the ureter
Reflux grading on voiding urethrogram revealed reflux into a grossly dilated ureter. The grade would be:
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
What is the cut-off in the number of renal infections/year such that kidneys become very small in 3-5 years of age with possible renal insufficiency
3 infections/year
4 infections per year
5 infections per year
none of the above
What is the prophylactic treatment for post-UTI reflux?
Ampicillin
Penicillin
Amikacin
Fosfomycin
The ff are manifestations of PSGN, except:
Hematuria
Edema
Oliguria
Hypotension
Proteinuria
Ancillary tests to strengthen diagnosis of PSGN include the ff except:
low serum C3 levels
ASO titer
Urinalysis
BUN/Crea
PSGN most likely arises from what infection?
Strep throat
acute rheumatic fever
Rheumatic heart disease
Streptococcal skin infection
Which of the ff statements regarding PSGN is not true?
DOC is penicillin
Fluid restriction is warranted during the course
Blurred vision, severe headaches and altered mental status are signs of hypertensive encephalopathy experienced in PSGN
Typical course of the disease lasts for 2-6 months
The ff statements of nephrotic syndrome is true, except:
Nephrotic syndrome has earlier onset compared to PSGN
The disease manifest with selective albuminuria
Good response to corticosteroid connotes good prognosis
Cardinal manifestations include edema, massive albuminuria, hyperalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and hypotension
The ff features are consistent with nephrotic syndrome, except:
+3 to +4 proteinuria
hematuria
protein:creatinine ratio >2.0
Pyuria
low C3
A 3 year old toddler presented with edema, massive proteinuria and slight pyuria. The patient was hypotensive but afebrile. The ff are possible management options for the patient except:
Use furosemide to reduce the edema
Start corticosteroid therapy to decrease the proteinuria to normal
Isoniazid prophylaxis
Nonrestriction of fluid intake
A 10year old male, taking unrecalled medications for his skin condition, presented with signs and symptoms of azotemia but with normal urine output. The most likely cause is:
PSGN
Nephrotic syndrome
medication induced acute renal failure
Progressive renal disease
What compound is being measured for GFR and is considered as the gold standard?
Creatinine
Inulin
BUN
Urea
The ff statements regarding renal tubular acidosis is true, except:
Failure of reabsorption of HCO3 in the system
Mostly involves the proximal tubules
Urine is acidic while serum is alkaline
Example is Fanconi syndrome
Among the statments regarding renal tubular alkalosis, which of the ff. is not true?
Gittlman's syndrome, considered a variant of Bartter's syndrome is more devastating.
Associated with hypokalemia and failure to thrive
Chloride is being lost in the urine
Defect in the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCCT)
The ff diseases have hypokalemia as their manifestations, except:
Fanconi syndrome
Gittlman's syndrome
Pyelonephritis
Barttner's syndrome
Microvascular causes of acute kidney injury include the ff. except:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Kawasaki disease
Hemolytic Uremic syndrome
None of the above
