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DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis Review

Total questions: 46

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does this picture represent?

a)

DNA Replication

b)

RNA Replication

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

2.

type of nucleic acid that is shaped like a double helix and is composed of long strands of alternating Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups, along with nitrogenous bases.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

Gene

3.

structure in the nucleus of many cells that contains DNA bonded to various proteins

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

chromosome

4.

What does tRNA bring to the ribosome during translation?

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

chromosome

5.

consist of either one or two long chains of repeating units called nucleotides. DNA and RNA are the two main types.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

nucleic acids

e)

chromosome

6.

a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded, contains the sugar ribose, and is used in the process of making proteins.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

nucleic acids

e)

chromosome

7.

The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

nucleotide

e)

chromosome

8.

The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is an organic compound made up of nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

a)

gene

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

nucleotide

e)

chromosome

9.

What is the structure labeled “F”?

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

nucleus

10.

What does this picture represent?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

DNA replication

d)

Meiosis

e)

Sexual Selection

11.

What is the structure labeled “C”? This is where translation takes place.

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

ribosome

12.

What is the structure labeled “G”?

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

ribosome

13.

What is the structure labeled “D”?

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

ribosome

14.

What is the structure labeled “A”?

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

nucleus

15.

What is the structure labeled “A”?

a)

nucleus

b)

gene

c)

chromosome

d)

Protein

16.

What is the structure labeled “B”?

a)

nucleus

b)

gene

c)

chromosome

d)

Protein

17.

What is the structure labeled “C”?

a)

nucleus

b)

gene

c)

chromosome

d)

Protein

18.

Which bases pair together in DNA?

a)

A to T and G to C

b)

A to U and G to C

c)

A to G and T to C

d)

A to C and T to G

19.

Which bases pair together in RNA?

a)

A to T and G to C

b)

A to U and G to C

c)

A to G and T to C

d)

A to C and T to G

20.

A molecule composed of repeating units of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Made from genes in DNA.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

Gene

21.

The mRNA codon AUU would code for……

a)

ile

b)

Met

c)

Thr

d)

Ala

e)

Pro

22.

The mRNA codon UAA would code for……

a)

Stop codon

b)

Tyr

c)

Cys

d)

Ser

e)

His

23.

The DNA sequence TTTCATGGGAAA would make which of the following amino acid sequences?

a)

Lys-Val-Pro-Phe

b)

Lys-His-Pro-Phe

c)

Lys-Val-Gly-Phe

d)

Phe-Val-Pro-Phe

e)

Phe-His-Pro-Phe

24.

The mRNA sequence GGGAAACCC would make which of the following amino acid sequences?

a)

Gly-Lys-Pro

b)

Gly-Thr-Pro

c)

Gly-Lys-Ala

d)

Pro-Phe-Gly

e)

Pro-Lys-Gly

25.

each 3-letter sequence in a DNA molecule codes for one of the 20 amino acids

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

nucleus

26.

each 3-letter sequence on tRNA that matches up to mRNA

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

nucleus

27.

building blocks of all proteins, there are 20 different types

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

chromosome

28.

the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

a)

DNA Replication

b)

RNA Replication

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

29.

The process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein

a)

DNA Replication

b)

RNA Replication

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

30.

Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis (body cell division) or meiosis(sex cell division)

a)

DNA Replication

b)

RNA Replication

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

31.

What is the name of this molecule?

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Amino acid

e)

Gene

32.

occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.

a)

mutation

b)

mutagen

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

33.

is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

a)

mutation

b)

mutagen

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

Meiosis

34.

The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or hormone.

a)

mutation

b)

mutagen

c)

transcription

d)

translation

e)

genetic engineering

35.

What is the name of this molecule?

a)

nucleotide

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

chromosome

e)

gene

36.

List following structures in order of smallest to largest. chromosome, gene, nucleotide, nucleus

a)

nucleotide, gene, chromosome, nucleus

b)

nucleus, gene, chromosome, nucleotide

c)

nucleus, chromosome, gene, nucleotide

d)

nucleotide, gene, nucleus, chromosome

37.

What makes up the backbone or sides of DNA?

a)

RNA and DNA

b)

Phosphate and deoxyribose

c)

Phosphate and Ribose

d)

deoxyribose and Nitrogen bases

e)

Nitrogen bases and Phosphate

38.

What type of bonds are found between the sugar and phosphate molecules in RNA or DNA?

a)

strong bonds

b)

weak bonds

c)

peptide bonds

d)

unbreakable bonds

39.

What type of bonds are found between the nitrogen bases in DNA?

a)

strong bonds

b)

weak bonds

c)

peptide bonds

d)

unbreakable bonds

40.

What type of bonds are found between amino acids?

a)

strong bonds

b)

weak bonds

c)

peptide bonds

d)

unbreakable bonds

41.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

single stranded

b)

double helix

c)

circular

d)

looped

42.

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

a)

ribose

b)

deoxyribose

c)

phosphate

d)

nitrogen base

e)

uracil

43.

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?

a)

ribose

b)

deoxyribose

c)

phosphate

d)

nitrogen base

e)

uracil

44.

What effect can a mutation have on an organism? (pick 3 answers)

a)

could lead to an advantageous trait

b)

birth defects

c)

cancer

d)

one of the main causes of super heroes

e)

can give you super powers

45.

What type of RNA is made in transcription?

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

mRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

nucleus

46.

How many amino acids would the following DNA base sequence make?

GGGTTTAAACCCTTTGGGTTTAAA

a)

3

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

e)

24

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