What is defined as chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?

What are long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds?

What are long, coiled polypeptide chains?

What are disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together called?

What are strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together?

What are relatively weak physical side bonds that are easily broken by changes in pH, and they re-form when the pH returns to normal levels?

What are weak physical side bonds that are easily broken by water or heat, and they re-form as the hair dries or cools? Side Bond

Where in the hair is the chemical change happening?

What is acidic on the pH scale?

What is alkaline on the pH scale?

What is neutral on the pH scale?

What is a two-step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods?

What is a colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor, is the most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions?

What is alkaline and is the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents?

What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions? )

What is also known as cold waves and were developed in 1941?

Which wave has a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and requires heat to process?

Which waves have a 7.0 or neutral pH and process at room temperature?

What creates an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up the processing?

What is activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hair dryer?

What are perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor associated with their use?

What uses an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine as the primary reducing agent? Ammonia-free waves Thio-free waves Endothermic wave Exothermic wave

The use of sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites presents an alternative to ATG known as what?

What hair usually has a weak curl pattern or may appear to be absolutely straight and the hair is usually curlier at the scalp and straighter at the ends?

What hair usually has a very weak curl, but may also be straight, and the hair is usually straighter at the scalp and curlier at the ends?

What stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form?

The first function of permanent waving (thio) neutralization is the ____________, of any waving lotion that remains in the hair after processing.

What helps you determine how your client’s hair will react to a perm?

What are the most common type of perm rod and have a smaller diameter?

Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?

Which rods are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod? Convex rods Straight rods Concave rods Soft bender rods

What are thin, absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on the perm rods?

Which is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped? Flat wrap

Which is similar to the double flat wrap but uses only one endpaper, placed over the top of the strand of hair? Flat wrap

Which uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope?

What are subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping?

Which refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section?

Which is the hair wrapped at 45-degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section?

Which is the hair wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section?

Which is wrapping the hair at 45 degrees below the center of the base section? Off base On base Half base Volume base

Which refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally? Base placement Base sections Base direction Base

What technique is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers?

Which technique is the hair wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod? croquignole perm wrap spiral perm wrap Bricklay perm wrap Original perm wrap

What is it called when the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction?

Which is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases?

Which has partings and bases that radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head?

Which has a base section that is offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair?

Which uses zigzag partings to divide base areas?

If your client wants a perm but does not wish the entire head of hair to be curled, what do you do?

What is the process that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form?

What uses the same ATG that is used in permanent waving but at a higher concentration and a higher pH? Thio-free waves Thioglycolate acid Thio neutralization Thio relaxer

What measures the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows? Volume Viscosity Thickness test Flows test

What combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing?

Which are very strong alkalis with a pH over 13? Thio relaxers Permanent waving lotion Hydroxide relaxers Relaxers

What is the process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair, the relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond?

What are ionic compounds formed by a metal— sodium (Na), potassium (K), or lithium (Li)—which is combined with oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H)? Lye-base relaxers No-lye relaxers Low pH relaxers Metal hydroxide relaxers

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) relaxers are commonly called what? Lye-base relaxers No-lye relaxers Low pH relaxers Metal hydroxide relaxers

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) relaxers are often advertised and sold as what?

Sulfites and bisulfites are sometimes used as what hair relaxers?

What do not require the application of a protective base cream?

What requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer?

What is an oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing?

What is an acid-alkali neutralization that neutralizes the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp?

What is a thio-based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves?