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Water, Soil, Weathering, Mass Movement Unit Test

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which part of the water cycle is occurring when warm, moist air cools and begins forming clouds?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
precipitation
2.
What kind of precipitation is formed when water falls from the clouds and lands on the ground as liquid water?
a)
Hail
b)
Sleet
c)
Rain
d)
Snow
3.
Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called...
a)
surface water
b)
precipitation 
c)
ground water
d)
runoff
4.
What collects in cracks and spaces in the rocks and sediments beneath Earth's surface?
a)
runoff
b)
surface water
c)
ground water
d)
water vapor
5.
The energy that drives the water cycle comes from the...
a)
Sun
b)
Moon
c)
Clouds
6.
When precipitation hits the ground, it can flow over the surface of the Earth, or...
a)
be absorbed into the ground
b)
immediately turn into a cloud
7.
The continuous movement of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again.
a)
water cycle
b)
weather
c)
rock cycle
8.
If a rain drop lands in the ocean, it will eventually _______, and return to the clouds.
a)
condense
b)
evaporate
9.
The process by which plants release water through the pores in their leaves is called...
a)
accumulation
b)
dormancy 
c)
photosynthesis 
d)
transpiration
10.
The water that falls from the sky can be _______ or collected, and stored in rivers, lakes, and oceans.
a)
accumulated
b)
runoff
c)
ground water
d)
transpiration
11.

Where is most water found on Earth?

a)

glaciers

b)

lakes

c)

rivers

d)

oceans

12.

The path that a stream follows.

a)

permeability

b)

watershed

c)

tributary

d)

channel

13.
The area of land that is drained by a river system. 
a)
channel
b)
divide
c)
water table
d)
watershed
14.
A ridge or a higher area of land that separates watersheds from one another. 
a)
divide
b)
channel
c)
aquifer
d)
tributary
15.
The upper boundary, or surface, of groundwater. 
a)
channel
b)
water table
c)
permeability
d)
gradient
16.

the measure of the storage space available in an aquifer.

a)

aquifer

b)

permeability

c)

porosity

d)

divide

17.
A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows it to flow. 
a)
tributary
b)
watershed
c)
water table
d)
aquifer
18.

The measure of how easily water can flow through an aquifer.

a)

porosity

b)

permeability

c)

gradient

d)

divide

19.
A measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance. 
a)
gradient
b)
divide
c)
watershed
d)
water table
20.

Which aquifer can retain the most amount of water? One with...

a)

high permeability

b)

low permeability

c)

low porosity

d)

high porosity

21.
When a stream or river starts to slow down, it:
a)
Picks up more sediment
b)
Erodes more rapidly
c)
Deposits fine sediments, but continues carrying larger rocks
d)
Deposits larger rocks, but continues carrying finer sediment
22.
The steeper the slope, the ________ the stream.
a)
Slower
b)
Broader
c)
Faster
d)
Curvier
23.
Alluvial fans are formed when:
a)
Streams with low load suddenly spread out
b)
Streams with a high gradient empty onto flat ground
c)
Streams have very low discharge and dry up
d)
Streams empty into a lake or ocean
24.
Gravity is the force that is primarily responsible for:
a)
glaciers, eskers, and erratics
b)
deltas, floodplains, and alluvial fans
c)
landslides, rockfalls, and mudslides
d)
caverns, sinkholes, and sea caves 
25.
What is the term for the process that slowly wears down Earth's surface?
a)
weathering
b)
deposition
c)
acceleration
d)
loess
26.
A hole dug into an aquifer to reach groundwater is called... 
a)
an aquitard/aquiclude
b)
a well
c)
a recharge zone
d)
a water table
27.
A stream's ability to erode is influenced by these three factors:
a)
Crystal, color, Courage
b)
Divide, Channel, load
c)
Load, Discharge, and Gradient
d)
River, lakes, ponds
28.

On a straight river, the fastest flowing water is...

a)

at the surface

b)

to the left

c)

directly in the middle

d)

on the outside bend

29.

On a meander, the fastest flowing part of the river is...

a)

the outside bend

b)

the inside bend

c)

the left hand side

d)

the middle

30.

When a meander links together both sides, this feature is formed. What is it called?

a)

U bend

b)

Horse shoe lake

c)

Oxbow lake

d)

An undercut

31.

the elevation at which a stream enters another stream or body of water

a)

Straight portion

b)

Meander

c)

Base level

d)

Stream capture

32.

As a stream reaches its base level, it begins to form curves called

a)

Straight portions

b)

Meanders

c)

Base levels

d)

Stream captures

33.

any land area that is covered with water for a part of the year

a)

bogs

b)

marshes

c)

wetlands

d)

swamps

34.

A stream's volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time (usually cubic feet/second) is its

a)

Water cycle

b)

Base level

c)

Infiltration

d)

Discharge

35.
Energy in the flowing water would cause which of the following particles to be moved first?
a)
Sand
b)
Pebbles
c)
Cobbles
d)
Boulders
36.

Which graph best represents the relationship between the discharge of a stream and the velocity of stream flow?

a)
b)
c)
d)
37.

The cross section below shows a V-shaped valley and the bedrock beneath the valley.

Which agent of erosion is responsible for cutting most V-shaped valleys into bedrock?

a)

surface winds

b)

glacial ice

c)

running water

d)

ocean waves

38.

The diagram represents a meandering stream flowing into the ocean. Letter C indicates a triangular-shaped depositional feature where the stream enters the ocean.

The triangular-shaped depositional feature indicated by letter C is a

a)

Floodplain

b)

Delta

c)

Ellipse

d)

Water Table

39.

Our watershed feeds into the larger ______________ watershed

a)

Ohio

b)

Delaware

c)

Mississippi

d)

Susquehanna

40.
What is a wall along the banks of a river or other body of water that serves to keep water behind it?
a)
flood
b)
floodway
c)
levee
d)
reserboir
41.
What occurs when water flows or collects over land that is usually dry.
a)
dam
b)
flood
c)
floodway
d)
levee
42.

When fertilizers enter surface water, they cause problems in

the watershed by -

a)

increasing the amount of nutrients available to fish in lakes and streams.

b)

clogging narrow streams and preventing water from flowing properly.

c)

raising the water level in nearby rivers to levels leading to flooding.

d)

causing rapid algal growth that decrease oxygen levels and choke aquatic life.

43.

Rock formations hanging from a roof are called ________.

a)

stalactites

b)

stalagmites

c)

troglodytes

d)

minerals

44.
What mineral makes up limestone?
a)
Carbonic Acid
b)
Calcite
c)
Bedrock
45.
When water mixes with carbon dioxide in the air, what solution is formed?
a)
Carbonic acid
b)
Calcite
c)
Calcium carbonate
46.
Which of the following terms refers to cave formations that form on the cave floor and grow from the ground up?
a)
Stalactite
b)
Stalagmite
c)
Column
d)
Flow stone
47.

This feature is formed when the roof of an underground cavern collapses.

a)

stalagmite

b)

sink hole

c)

stalactite

d)

pillar

48.
Land forms made from dissolving limestone
a)
Soil
b)
Bedrock
c)
Karst
d)
Calcium
49.
Bobby observed that a metal trash can was covered with rust.  What type of weathering caused the rust on the trash can?
a)
Mechanical weathering 
b)
Wind weathering
c)
Chemical weathering
d)
Erosion weathering
50.

What human activities can increase the rate of weathering? (multiple answers)

a)

Increasing the amount of acid rain

b)

Paving over large portions of land

c)

Strip mining and agriculture

51.
Which type of climate would cause the greatest rate of weathering?
a)
Cold and dry
b)
Cold and humid (wet)
c)
Warm and humid (wet)
d)
Warm and dry
52.
A student hiking in a rock area on a mountain notices that wide, deep cracks have formed in some of the large rocks. Some of the cracks are so large that the rocks have broken apart. Which process most likely caused these rocks to crack and creak? 
a)
Erosion by wind
b)
Water freezing and thawing
c)
Erosion by fast-moving
d)
Sediments being deposited.
53.
What is the weathering process in which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces (sediments) and do not change the rock composition?
a)
Acid weathering 
b)
Gravity weathering
c)
Chemical weathering
d)
Mechanical weathering
54.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
deposition
b)
landslide
c)
weathering
d)
erosion
55.
Select the answer that shows the order of events a rock goes through.
a)
erosion, weathering, deposition
b)
weathering, erosion, deposition
c)
deposition, weathering erosion
d)
erosion, deposition, weathering
56.

Which soil particle is largest in size?

a)

Clay

b)

Sand

c)

rock

d)

silt

57.
Which of the following is NOT a type of soil particle?
a)
Sand
b)
Silt
c)
rock
d)
Clay
58.

The area between soil particles or rocks is called _________.

a)

pore spaces

b)

humus

c)

soil profile

d)

horizon

59.

Soil is formed from what 2 items?

a)

Rocks and minerals

b)

Organic matter and humus

c)

minerals and sand

d)

Rock particles and organic matter

60.
Which soil horizon is generally darker in color and contains the most roots?
a)
O Horizon
b)
B Horizon
c)
E Horizon
d)
A horizon
61.

The most ideal soil for planting and growing is called__________

a)

Sandy clay

b)

Loam

c)

silty clay

d)

clay sand

62.
Which type of soil has a large amount of decayed matter like plants and animals?
a)
sand
b)
loam
c)
clay
d)
humus
63.
I am tan in color.  I do not hold water well.  I have a gritty texture.  What am I?
a)
silt
b)
humus
c)
clay
d)
sand
64.
I am red in color.  I am hard when dry but sticky when wet.  What am I?
a)
silt
b)
humus
c)
clay
d)
loam
65.
I am gray in color.  I am also very soft and powdery.  What am I?
a)
silt
b)
humus
c)
clay
d)
loam
66.
I am a mixture of all soil types.  What am I?
a)
silt
b)
humus
c)
clay
d)
loam
67.
Which is NOT a type of mass movement?
a)
landslide
b)
slump
c)
mudflow
d)
windstorm
68.

A _______________________is a result of freezing and thawing of water in the creases of rocks.

a)

slump

b)

creep

c)

mudflow

d)

landslides

69.
Rock & soil slides quickly down steep slope in a ______________________.
a)
slump
b)
windstorm
c)
landslide
d)
mudlfow
70.
The force that moves objects downhill is ...
a)
mass movement
b)
gravity
c)
slump
d)
deposition
71.

a fountain of water and steam that intermittently shoots up from the ground at intervals is called

a)

spring

b)

hot spring

c)

geyser

d)

artesian well

72.

What heats the groundwater in an underground cavern to form hot springs and geysers?

a)

lava

b)

magma

c)

igneous rock

d)

metamorphic rock

73.

What describes an artesian well? There are multiple answers.

a)

a polluted well

b)

a well that is drilled into a confined aquifer

c)

a well that is drilled into an unconfined aquifer

d)

due to pressure, water flows on its own from the well

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