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Phys 205 Exam 6 practice questions

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The tube connecting each kidney to the urinary bladder is the ________.
a)
ureter
b)
urethra
c)
calyx
d)
ductus (vas) deferens
2.
The involuntary sphincter that keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed is called the ________.
a)
internal urethral sphincter
b)
internal anal sphincter
c)
external urethral sphincter
d)
ileocecal sphincter
3.
The hormone released by the posterior pituitary to prevent excessive water loss in the urine is ________.
a)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b)
insulin
c)
cortisol
d)
aldosterone
4.
The kidneys can help maintain a rising blood pH by excreting ________ ions and reabsorbing ________ ions by the tubule cells.
a)
bicarbonate; hydrogen
b)
hydrogen; bicarbonate
c)
ammonia; carbonic acid
d)
carbon dioxide; oxygen
5.
Starting from the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is ________.
a)
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
b)
distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle)
c)
nephron loop (loop of Henle), proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
d)
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle)
6.
Which one of the following is NOT a substance typically reabsorbed by the tubules under normal healthy conditions?
a)
urea
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
amino acids
7.
Which of these is a solute NOT normally found in urine?
a)
Glucose
b)
Sodium and potassium ions
c)
Ammonia
d)
Bicarbonate ions
8.
A renal corpuscle includes the
a)
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
b)
glomerulus and renal tubule
c)
glomerular capsule and renal tubule
d)
renal tubule and collecting tubule
9.
The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the
a)
renal corpuscle
b)
proximal convoluted tubule
c)
distal convoluted tubule
d)
nephron loop
10.
_____ causes the collecting ducts to reabsorb more water.
a)
ADH
b)
renin
c)
ANP
d)
none of these is correct
11.
The detrusor muscle
a)
surrounds the renal pelvis
b)
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra
c)
moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis
d)
none of these is correct
12.
Which stage of urine production involves the removal of substances from the bloodstream?
a)
reabsorption
b)
excretion
c)
filtration
d)
secretion
13.
Which stage of urine production involves returning water, nutrients, and electrolytes to the bloodstream?
a)
filtration
b)
excretion
c)
secretion
d)
reabsorption 
14.
Which stage of urine production involves adding ammonia, uric acid, and other waste substances directly into the renal tubule?
a)
reabsorption
b)
filtration
c)
secretion
d)
excretion
15.

What structure in the kidneys filters the blood?

a)

Ureters

b)

Nephrons

c)

Bladder

d)

Urethra

16.

Where does FILTRATION take place in the nephron?

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Bowman's Capsule

c)

PCT

d)

Collecting Duct

17.

This structure is responsible for almost 70% of the reabsorption that takes place in the nephron

a)

PCT

b)

DCT

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Collecting Duct

18.

Which of the following is reabsorbed in the PCT? (mark all that apply)

a)

Wastes

b)

Ammonia

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Water

e)

Glucose

19.

What is A correct order of the steps of function within the nephron?

a)

Secretion, Reabsorption, Filtration

b)

Reabsorption, Secretion, Filtration

c)

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

d)

Secretion, Filtration, Reabsorption

20.

What 2 substances are not normally filtered out from the blood during the initial filtration?

a)

Blood Cells

b)

Proteins

c)

Glucose

d)

water

21.

During the journey along the nephron, most of the water, glucose, and vitamins are:

a)

stored in the bladder

b)

excreted through the ureters

c)

reabsorbed back into the blood

d)

concentrated in the urine

22.
T/F: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. 
a)
True 
b)
False 
23.
During the process of filtration in the nephron, most of the water, glucose, and vitamins are:
a)
stored in the bladder
b)
excreted through the ureters
c)
reabsorbed into the blood
d)
concentrated in the urine
24.
The hormone released by the posterior pituitary to prevent excessive water loss in the urine is ________.
a)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b)
insulin
c)
cortisol
d)
aldosterone
25.

Which part of the renal capsule is a network of capillaries?

a)

Bowman's Capsule

b)

Glomerulus

c)

Afferent arteriole

d)

Peritubular Capillaries

26.

If you are dehydrated (low water potential in the blood), the body must conserve water. To do so, the brain triggers the pituitary gland to ...

a)

release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable

b)

release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable

c)

release MORE ADH, making the collecting duct LESS permeable

d)

release LESS ADH, making the collecting duct MORE permeable

27.

more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules

a)

When less ADH is released

b)

When more ADH is released

c)

When more urea is released

d)

When less urea is released

28.

regulates sodium and potassium levels

a)

adrenaline

b)

aldosterone

c)

cortisol

d)

parathyroid hormone

29.

decreases blood calcium levels

a)

aldosterone

b)

calcitonin

c)

parathyroid hormone

d)

prolactin

30.

lowers blood sugar level

a)

calcitonin

b)

glucagon

c)

insulin

d)

melatonin

31.

increases blood calcium levels

a)

calcitonin

b)

epinephrine

c)

parathyroid hormone

d)

thyroxine

32.
When glucose levels in the blood rise, your brain sends a signal to your pancreas. The pancreas releases insulin, which opens channels in cell membranes to allow glucose to enter the cell, lowering blood sugar levels. 
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
33.

The pancreas produces _____ when your blood sugar level is high.

a)

Thyroxin

b)

Melatonin

c)

Glucagon

d)

Insulin

34.

Which hormones are secreted from the pancreas?

a)

glucagon & leptin

b)

glucagon & melatonin

c)

thyroxin & insulin

d)

insulin & glucagon

35.

What is glucagon's major role in the body?

a)

to raise blood sugar

b)

to lower blood sugar

c)

to increase the rate of cellular respiration

d)

to convert glucose into gycogen

36.

Leptin is secreted by......

a)

cells in the adipose tissue

b)

cells in the hypothalamus

c)

cells in the pancreas

d)

cells in the thyroid

37.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of blood glucose levels?

a)

The hypothalamus monitors blood glucose levels

b)

The beta (β) cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans monitor blood glucose levels

c)

Abnormally high levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hypoglycemia

d)

Abnormally low levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hyperglycemia

38.
What hormone raises blood calcium levels?
a)
Epinephrine
b)
Calcitonin
c)
PTH
d)
T3 and T4
39.
What hormone regulates electrolyte balance and fluid homeostasis?
a)
Glucocorticoids
b)
Adrenaline
c)
PTH
d)
Mineralocorticoids
40.
What hormone lowers blood calcium?
a)
Calcitonin
b)
PTH
c)
Glucagon
d)
Insulin
41.
What pituitary hormone stimulates growth of all organs?
a)
PTH
b)
GH
c)
T3 and T4
d)
TSH
42.
What hormone increases the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys thereby decreasing urine amount?
a)
Calcitonin
b)
Mineralocorticoids
c)
ADH
d)
ACTH
43.
What pancreatic hormone increase blood glucose levels?
a)
glucagon
b)
insulin
c)
glucocorticoid
d)
epinephrine
44.
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
a)
glucocorticoid
b)
insulin
c)
glucagon
d)
aldosterone
45.
Aerobic respiration occurs in which organelle?
a)
chloroplast
b)
mitochondrion
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
46.
Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration? 
a)
Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. 
b)
More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. 
c)
More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. 
d)
Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. 
47.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of ______________.
a)
nitrogen
b)
carbon dioxiide
c)
oxygen
d)
carbon monoxide
48.
Which of the following is the correct equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
a)
6CO2 + 6H2O     --->   C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6  ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
c)
C6H12O6  + 6H2O ---> 6CO2 + 6O2 + ATP
d)
6O2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + ATP
49.
Cellular Respiration's goal is to
a)
make water
b)
make ATP
c)
make glucose
d)
make  oxygen
50.
What are the reactants in cellular respiration?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
glucose and carbon dioxide
c)
water and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and glucose
51.
What are the products in cellular respiration?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
water and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and oxygen
d)
glucose and oxygen
52.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
53.
Glycolysis takes place in the 
a)
mitochondria
b)
cell membrane
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
54.
This is the first step of cellular respiration
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
c)
Alcoholic Fermentation
d)
Aerobic Respiration
55.
Anaerobic respiration.....
a)
doesn't require CO2
b)
requires CO2
c)
doesn't require oxygen
d)
requires oxygen
56.
Along with 2ATP, what is produced during glycolysis?
a)
6CO2
b)
6O2
c)
C6H12O6
d)
2 pyruvate
57.
Which is a product of Kreb's Cycle?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Glucose
c)
Pyruvate
d)
Water
58.
Which is a product of the ETC?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Glucose
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
59.
Which molecule isn't an energy carrier?
a)
FADH2
b)
NADH
c)
oxygen
d)
ATP
60.

What is the correct order for aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis-->ETC--> Krebs Cycle

b)

ETC-->glycolysis-->Krebs Cycle

c)

glycolysis-->Krebs Cycle-->ETC

d)

Krebs Cycle-->glycolysis-->ETC

61.
What do you get at the end of glycolysis?
a)
Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
b)
NAD, Oxygen, and ATP
c)
Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP
d)
NAD, ATP, Pyruvate
62.
What is the function of oxygen in the process of cellular respiration?
a)
to deliver hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain
b)
to pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
c)
to provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide
d)
to give a source of energy to the Krebs cycle
63.
How much ATP does cellular respiration ideally make?
a)
2 ATP
b)
0 ATP
c)
10 ATP
d)
36 ATP
64.
Which molecules are made during the Krebs Cycle to power the electron transport chain?
a)
ATP and CO2
b)
ATP and NADH
c)
NADH and FADH2
d)
ADP, NAD+ and FAD+
65.
What is the energy carrier that the cell uses to power its day to day activities?
a)
ATP
b)
NADH
c)
FADH2
d)
glucose
66.
Rapid pH adjustments are made by the
a)
urinary system
b)
respiratory system
c)
circulatory system
d)
lymphatic system
67.
Slow, but fully restorative pH adjustments are made by the
a)
urinary system
b)
respiratory system
c)
circulatory system
d)
lymphatic system

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