Data-Link Layer uses ___________ approach

________ network consists of a series of interlinked nodes

In circuit switching, the resources need to be ________ during the setup phase

In a packet-switched network, there

is no resource reservation; resources are allocated _______

_________ layer uses message switching

The datagram networks are sometimes referred to as ________ networks

__________ is the phase in which the network is creating dedicated channels between the switches

Switching in the Internet is done by using the datagram approach to packet switching at the _________ layer

In circuit-switched connection, the delay due to data transfer is the sum of two parts: the propagation time and _______ time

________ layer uses datagram approach

In virtual-circuit approach, a _____is a small number that has only switch scope; it is used by a frame between two switches.

_______ switching takes place at the physical layer

™

In _______networks , each packet is treated independently of all others

A circuit-switched network consists of a set of switches connected by ________.

A ________ is when one of the parties need to disconnect, a signal is sent to each switch to release the resources

A switch in a datagram network uses a routing table that is based on the ________.

The size of the packet is determined by the network and the governing _________.

™In a virtual-circuit network, two types of addressing are involved: local and ______

The switches in a datagram network are traditionally referred to as _________.

Circuit switching use either of two structures/technologies of switching: the time-division switch and ____________

A crossbar switch connects n inputs to m outputs in a grid, using electronic microswitches at each __________

In a single-stage switch with N inputs, the total number of crosspoints is equivalent to _________.

The solution to the limitations of the crossbar switch is the ______________

____________refers to times when one input cannot be connected to an output because there is no path available between them—all the possible intermediate switches are occupied.

Clos said that in a non-blocking switch, the number of middle-stage switches must be at least _______.

According to Clos criterion:

n = _________

Designing a three-stage, 500 × 500 switch with k = 10 and n = 50. The size of crossbars needed at the first stage crossbars is _______

A _________ switch is a multistage switch with microswitches at each stage that route the packets based on the output port represented as a binary string

The advantage of space-division switching is that it is ____________