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AP Stat exam review

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 6hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The average weekly household spending (in pounds) on tobacco products and alcoholic beverages for each of 11 regions in Great Britain was recorded. A scatterplot of spending on alcohol versus spending on tobacco is show. Which of the following statements is true?
a)
The observation (4.5,6.0) is an outlier.
b)
There is clear evidence of a negative association between spending on alcohol and tobacco.
c)
The equation of the lsrl for this plot would be approximately y=10-2x.
d)
The observation in the lower-right corner of the plot is influential for the least squares line.
2.
A data set included the number of people per television set and the number of people per physician for 40 countries. The screen shot below displays a scatterplot of the data with the lsrl added. In Ethiopia, there were 503 people per TV and 36,660 people per doctor. What effect would removing this point have on the regression line?
a)
Slope would increase; y intercept would increase.
b)
Slope would increase; y intercept would decrease.
c)
Slope would decrease; y intercept would increase.
d)
Slope would decrease; y intercept would decrease.
3.
What is the correlation?
a)
Negative correlation
b)
No correlation
c)
Positive correlation
d)
Cannot be determined
4.
Which is TRUE?

I.  Random scatter in the residuals indicates a linear model.

II.  If two variables are very strongly associated, then the correlation between them will be near 1 or -1.

III.  Changing the units of measurement for x or y changes the correlation coefficient.
a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
I and II only
d)
I, II and III
5.
Residuals are . . . 
a)
possible models not explored by the researcher
b)
variation in the response variable that is explained by the model
c)
the difference between the observed response and the values predicted by the model
d)
data collected from individuals that is not consistent with the rest of the group
6.
Shown is a residual plot. Would a linear regression model of the data be most appropriate?
a)
YES
b)
NO
7.
Making the statement:
There is a positive linear correlation.
is an example of  what?
a)
Interpreting r2
b)
Interpreting r
c)
Interpreting a Residual Plot
d)
Interpreting Standard Deviation
8.
Some data were collected on the weight of a male laboratory rat for the 1st 25 weeks after its birth. The linear regression equation is:
Weight = 100 + 40(Time)  

Which is the best description of the slope for this regression equation in context of the problem?
a)
The slope is 40 which respresents the average starting weight of the rats.
b)
The slope is 40 which represents a gain of 40 grams per week.
c)
The slope is 40 and represents that is takes 40 weeks to gain 1 gram.
d)
The slope is 100 which represents a gain of 100 grams per week.
9.
The sentence used to describe r2 is % of the total variation in y can be explained by the linear regression equation.
a)
True
b)
False
10.
The standard error (standard deviation) of the residuals tells us _________
a)
our average error in predicting y
b)
our average error in the correlation
c)
our unique predictive power
d)
whether we look good in the morning
11.
The probability that a randomly chosen American is a Republican is 0.35. What is the probability that in a sample of 10 Americans, that at least 1 will be a Republican? 
a)
a) 0.9865
b)
b) 0.2275
c)
c) 0.0725
d)
d) 0.0135
12.
If P(A) = 0.34 and P(A or B) = 0.71, which of the following is false? 
a)
a) P(B) = 0.37, if A and B are disjoint.
b)
b) P(B) = 0.561, if A and B are independent.
c)
c) Cannot be determined if A and B are neither disjoint nor independent.
d)
d) P(A∣B)= 0.34, if A and B are independent.
13.
P(Freshman or Pizza):
a)
27/50
b)
4/50
c)
3/50
d)
30/50
14.
P(Sandals|Pants):
a)
4/20
b)
6/15
c)
1/2
d)
2/7
15.
A group of 125 pick up truck owners were asked what brand truck they owned and whether it had four-wheel drive. The results are given in the two-way table.
You randomly select one truck owner. Which one of the following is true about the events "Owner has a Chevy" and "Owner's truck has four-wheel drive"?
a)
These two events are mutually exclusive and independent. 
b)
These two events are mutually exclusive, but not independent. 
c)
These two events are not mutually exclusive, but they are independent.
d)
These two events are neither mutually exclusive nor independent.
16.
At a California college, 19% of the students speak Spanish, 7% speak French, and 4% speak both languages.  A student is chosen at random from the college.  What is the probability that the student speaks Spanish if she speaks French?
a)
0.220
b)
0.211
c)
0.040
d)
0.571
17.

In order to calculate z - score, we need to know the

a)

raw score, mean, and standard deviation

b)

mean and standard deviation

c)

raw score and standard deviation

d)

Large Counts Condition

18.
The mean temperature in Glens Falls for the month of February is 23 degrees with a standard deviation of 4.2 degrees.  What is the z-score for a temperature of 17 degrees?  
a)
1 
b)
1.43
c)
-1.43
d)
11.5
19.

If I tell you that you scored at the 55th percentile on your last exam, you would know:

a)

55% of the class scored as good or worse than I did.

b)

I earned a 55% on the exam.

c)

I failed the exam.

d)

45% of the class scored worse than I did.

20.
The 75th percentile is also know as the
a)
median
b)
third quartile
c)
1st quartile`
d)
interquartile range
21.
Describe the histogram:
a)
Left Skewed
b)
Symmetrical
c)
Right Skewed
d)
Uniform
22.
What is the interquartile range of the data represented in the box plot below?
a)
30
b)
50
c)
60
d)
70
23.
What is the median of the data represented in the line plot below?
a)
11
b)
11.5
c)
12
d)
12.5
24.
What is the relative frequency of number of baskets that Kallie made based on the data displayed on the bar graph?
a)
50/125 baskets
b)
30/125 baskets
c)
45/125 baskets
d)
9/25 baskets
25.
How many values are greater than 40?
a)
2
b)
0
c)
9
d)
1
26.
Based on the data in the histogram, How many fish caught are greater than or equal to 5 pounds?
a)
3 fish
b)
0 fish
c)
12 fish
d)
2 fish
27.
According to a random telephone survey of 200 adults, 75% of all working adults in the U.S. are satisfied with their current job. What is the population in this survey?
a)
200 adults
b)
adults in the U.S.
c)
75% of adults
28.
Zoie completes a report by asking 70 students across campus. She found that 48% of CTMS students do not wash their hands after using the bathroom. What is the sample size?
a)
48
b)
100
c)
70
d)
CTMS students
29.
A recent survey of 800 seventh graders from across the state shows 4 out of 10 like to play paper football. How many students said they like to play paper football?
a)
40 students
b)
200 students 
c)
320 students
d)
8,000 students
30.

3

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

31.
This sample consists of units of the population that are easily accessible.
a)
Cluster
b)
Convenience
c)
Volunteer
d)
Observational
32.
This sample consists of the entire population
a)
convenience
b)
census
c)
cluster
d)
simple
33.
Every possible group of units of the required size has the same chance of being the selected sample as any other sample of the same size.
a)
Simple Random 
b)
Thoughtful
c)
Typical
d)
Proportional
34.
This sample is selected by dividing the population into subgroups and then taking a fixed number of units from each group using the simple random sample.
a)
stratified
b)
cluster
c)
judgment
d)
experimental
35.
Units of the population are ordered in some fashion.  Usually, every k-th unit is chosen.
a)
proportional
b)
probable
c)
stratified
d)
systematic
36.
Units of the population are grouped; one or more groups are selected at random.  All units of that group are included in the sample.
a)
cluster sample
b)
simple random
c)
stratified
d)
proportional
37.

In a certain school, students can choose whether to eat in the school’s cafeteria. A reporter working for the school’s newspaper polled students on their reactions to changes in the menu at the cafeteria. For each student leaving the cafeteria in one 20-minute time period, the reporter used a die to determine whether to stop the student and ask how he or she felt about the new menu. In the reporter’s article it was stated that a random sample of the students showed that 23% of the school’s student population was happy with the new menu. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Because each student leaving the cafeteria was randomly selected and could choose to answer or not, this is a random sample of the student population, and the 23% is an accurate measurement of the school population’s view of the new menu.

b)

Because students self-selected whether to eat in the cafeteria, the sampling method might be biased and the sample might not be representative of all students in the school.

c)

The survey would have been more effective if the reporter had collected the data in one 10-minute time period rather than in one 20-minute time period.

d)

The survey would have been more effective if students who cared about the food could have called the reporter to tell how they felt about the new menu, so that only students with opinions on the subject would have been surveyed.

e)

Because no treatment was imposed on the students eating in the cafeteria, one cannot make any conclusions about the new menu.

38.

The student government at a high school wants to conduct a survey of student opinion. It wants to begin with a simple random sample of 80 students. Which of the following survey methods will produce a simple random sample?

a)

Survey the first 80 students to arrive at school in the morning

b)

Survey every 5th student entering the school library until 80 students are surveyed.

c)

Use random numbers to choose 20 each of first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year students.

d)

Number the students in the official school roster. Use a table of random numbers to choose 80 students from this roster for the survey.

e)

Number the cafeteria seats. Use a table of random numbers to choose seats and interview the students until 80 have been interviewed.

39.

The segmented bar charts below depict the data from the NAAL (National Assessment of Adult Literacy) conducted in 2003. Based on the graph, which statement must be true.

a)

The prose literacy level with the greatest percentage of people who volunteered once per week or more was below basic.

b)

For people with proficient prose literacy level, the number who volunteered once per week or more was greater than the number who volunteered less than once per week.

c)

Intermediate and proficient prose level had the same number of students who volunteered less than once per week.

d)

Of all the students that never volunteered, the greatest number were in the below basic level of prose literacy.

e)

For students who had basic prose literacy level, the number who volunteered less than once per week was greater than those who never volunteered.

40.

A manufacturer makes light bulbs and claims that their reliability is 93 percent. Reliability is defined to be the proportion of non-defective items that are produced over the long term. If the company's claim is correct, what is the expected number of non-defective light bulbs in a random sample of 2,000 bulbs?

a)

1350

b)

1860

c)

93

d)

140

e)

2000

41.

A cosmetics supplier ships boxes of highlighter to individual customers. The distribution of weights of shipped boxes is approximately normal with mean 5 pounds and standard deviation 1.2 pounds. Which expression represents the weight, in pounds, at the 75th percentile of the distribution?

a)

-1.96(1.2) + 5

b)

-0.25(1.2) + 5

c)

0.25(1.2) + 5

d)

0.67(1.2) + 5

e)

0.75(1.2) + 5

42.

The boxplots summarize two data sets, 1 and 2. Which of the following must be true?

I. Class #2 contains more data than Class #1.

II. The box of Class #2 contains more data than the box of Class #1.

III. The data in Class #1 has a smaller range than the data in Class #2.

a)

I only

b)

I and III only

c)

I and II only

d)

I, II, and III

e)

III only

43.
The table represents the probability of guessing correct on a 5 question true-false quiz. Find the mean number of questions one gets correct when guessing.
a)
2.5
b)
3
c)
3.5
d)
1.5
44.
Suppose 30% of cereal boxes contain a picture of LeBron James, 20% a picture of Steph Curry, and 50% a picture of Ben Simmons.  Which of the following digit assignments correctly models this situation?
a)
Let 1 = LeBron James; Let 2 = Steph Curry; Let 3 = Ben Simmons
b)
Let 0-3 = LeBron James; Let 4-5 = Steph Curry; Let 6-9 = Ben Simmons
c)
Let 1-3 = LeBron James; Let 4-5 = Steph Curry; Let 6-9 = Ben Simmons
d)
Let 0-2 = LeBron James; Let 3-4 = Steph Curry; Let 5-9 = Ben Simmons
45.
Your friend Albert has invented a game involving two ten-sided dice.  One of the dice has threes, fours, and fives on its faces, the other has sixes, eights, and tens.  He won’t tell you how many of each number there are on the faces, but he does tell you that if X = the result of a single roll of the first die and Y = the result of a single roll of the second die, then μx=3.6, σx=0.8, μy=8.0 and σy=0.9. Let Z = the sum of the two dice when each is rolled once.
What is the expected value of Z?
a)
1.7
b)
4.4
c)
5.8
d)
11.6
46.
Your friend Albert has invented a game involving two ten-sided dice.  One of the dice has threes, fours, and fives on its faces, the other has sixes, eights, and tens.  He won’t tell you how many of each number there are on the faces, but he does tell you that if X = the result of a single roll of the first die and Y = the result of a single roll of the second die, then μx=3.6, σx=0.8, μy=8.0 and σy=0.9. Let Z = the sum of the two dice when each is rolled once. 
What is the standard deviation of Z?
a)
1.20
b)
1.30
c)
1.45
d)
1.70
47.
Use your turn signals!
If 20% of drivers do not use turn signals, given an SRS of 4 drivers, what's the probability that at least one does not use turn signals?
a)
1 - (.2)4
b)
1 - (.8)4
c)
4(.2)(.8)3
d)
4(.2)3(.8)
48.

One brand of a baby bathtub comes with a dial to set the water temperature. When the "babysafe" setting is selected and the tub is filled, the temperature X of the water in a randomly selected bath follows a Normal distribution with a mean of 34°C and a standard deviation of 2°C. Let Y be the water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit for the randomly selected bath. Recall that F=9/5C+32.


Calculate and interpret the mean and standard deviation of Y.

a)

μY=93.2°F and σY=35.6°F. When the dial is set to "babysafe," the temperature of a randomly selected bath typically varies about 35.6°F from the mean of 93.2°F.

b)

μY=93.2°F and σY=3.6°F. When the dial is set to "babysafe," the temperature of a randomly selected bath typically varies about 3.6°F from the mean of 93.2°F.

c)

μY=61.2°F and σY=3.6°F. When the dial is set to "babysafe," the temperature of a randomly selected bath typically varies about 3.6°F from the mean of 61.2°F.

d)

μY=93.2°F and σY=12.96°F. When the dial is set to "babysafe," the temperature of a randomly selected bath typically varies about 12.96°F from the mean of 93.2°F.

49.
Le the random variable X represent the amount of money Carl makes tutoring statistics students in the summer.  Assume that X is Normal with mean $240 and standard deviation $60.  The probability is approximately 0.6 that, in a randomly selected summer, Carl will make less than about
a)
$144
b)
$216
c)
$255
d)
$30
50.
The time it takes students to complete a statistics quiz has a mean of 20.5 minutes and a standard deviation of 15.4 minutes.  What is the probability that a random sample of 40 students will have a mean completion time greater than 25 minutes?
a)
0.9678
b)
0.0322
c)
0.0344
d)
0.3851
51.
The standardized test scores of 16 students have mean x̄ = 200 and standard deviation s = 20.  What is the standard error of x̄?
a)
20
b)
10
c)
5
d)
1.25
52.
A Type II error is
a)
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
b)
failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
c)
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false.
d)
failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is true.
53.
An SRS of 100 teachers showed that 64 owned smartphones.  An SRS of 100 students showed that 80 owned smartphones.  Let pₑ be the proportion of all teachers who own smartphones, and let pₓ be the proportion of all students who own smartphones.  A 95% confidence interval for the difference pₑ - pₓ is 
a)
(0.264, 0.056)
b)
(0.098, 0.222)
c)
(-0.222, -0.098)
d)
(-0.283, -0.038)
54.

The most important advantage of experiments over observational studies is that

a)

Experiments are easier to carry out

b)

Experiments can draw better conclusions about causation

c)

Experiments reduce confounding

d)

Observational studies do not have random samples

55.

You want to take a simple random sample (SRS) of 40 of the 769 students who live in a dormitory on campus. You label the students 001 to 769, using this table of digits

95592 94007 69769 33547 72450 16632 81194 14873

The first three students will have the labels

a)

955, 929, 400

b)

400, 769, 769

c)

400, 769, 335

d)

929, 400, 769

56.

A stratified random sample is similar to which of the following experimental designs?

a)

Double-blind experiment

b)

A block design

c)

Matched pairs design

d)

SRS

57.
When conducting a significance test for the difference in proportions, why do we pool the data when finding standard error?
a)
Because we like to swim
b)
Because we assume p1 = p2 in Ho
c)
Because the sample sizes are always equal
d)
To be safe and make sure we don't underestimate the standard error
58.
Margin of error equals:
a)
Critical Value x Standard Error
b)
z*
c)
1.96
d)
Standard Error
59.
When p-value is greater than alpha we:
a)
Accept Ho
b)
Accept Ha
c)
Fail to reject Ho
d)
Reject Ho
60.
The null hypothesis always contains a:
a)
< or >
b)
=
c)
>
d)
= or >
61.
The null hypothesis is represented by:
a)
Ha
b)
Ho
c)
t*
d)
HP
62.
The point estimate for the difference of two proportions is:
a)
z*
b)
xbar1 - xbar2
c)
sqrt(p*(1-p)/n)
d)
p-hat1 minus p-hat 2
63.
p-hat can be found by:
a)
x/n
b)
z*
c)
n > 30
d)
x-bar
64.
To test a claim about a mean, when the population standard deviation is unknown we use:
a)
z procedures
b)
Pythagorean Theorem
c)
t procedures
d)
np > 10 and n(1-p) > 10
65.
What do we use to estimate unknown parameters?
a)
Hypothesis Test
b)
Confidence Interval
c)
Trig Identity
d)
Guess and check
66.
Inference Errors (14)
Given an experiment with H0 : μ = 10, Ha : μ > 10, and a possible correct value of 11, which of the following increases as n increases?
I.  The probability of Type I error.
II.  The probability of Type II error.
III.  The power of the test.
a)
A) I only
b)
B) II only
c)
C) III only
d)
D) II and III
67.

In a study of heart surgery, one issue was the effect of drugs called beta-blockers on the pulse rate of patients during surgery. The available subjects were divided at random into two groups of 30 patients each. One group received a beta-blocker; the other group received a placebo. The pulse rate of each patient at a critical point during the operation was recorded. The treatment group had mean 65.2 and standard deviation 7.8. For the control group, the mean was 70.3 and the standard deviation was 8.3.


Perform an appropriate significance test to see if beta-blockers reduce the pulse rate.

a)

1-sample t-test

b)

1-sample t-test (mean difference)

c)

2-sample t-test (difference of means)

68.

Popular wisdom is that eating presweetened cereal tends to increase the number of cavities in children. A random sample of children was (with parental consent) entered into a study and followed for several years. Each child was classified as a sweetened-cereal lover or a nonsweetened-cereal lover. At the end of the study, the amount of tooth damage was measured. Here is the summary data:


Group n mean std. Dev

Sugar Bombed 10 6.41 5.0

No sugar 15 5.20 15.0

Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the mean tooth damage.

a)

1-sample t-interval

b)

1-sample t-interval (mean difference)

c)

2-sample t-interval (difference in means)

69.

The NCAA requires colleges to report the graduation rates of their athletes. One Big Ten university reported that the graduation rates for a specific year were 21 of 28 females athletes and 24 of 46 male athletes. Is there evidence that a smaller proportion of male athletes than of female athletes graduate?

a)

1-sample t-test

b)

1-sample t-test (mean difference)

c)

2-sample t-test (difference in means)

d)

2-proportion z-test

70.

Jack and Jill have opened a water-bottling factory. The machine that fills the bottles is fairly precise. The distribution of the number of ounces of water in the bottles is approximately normal. Jack and Jill take a random sample of 15 bottles from today’s production and weigh the water in each. The weights are: 15.91, 16.08, 16.08, 15.94, 16.02, 15.94, 15.96, 16.03, 15.82, 15.96, 16.07, 16.01, 16, 02, 15.99, 15.96. Find a 96% confidence interval for the mean weight of the water.

a)

1-sample t-interval

b)

1-sample t-test

c)

1-sample t-interval (mean difference)

d)

1-sample t-test (mean difference)

71.
A random sample of 49 medical doctors in LA showed that they worked an average of 53.1 hours/week with a standard deviation of 7.2 hours/week. If the California average is 60 hours/week, does this give evidence that the LA doctors work significantly less than the rest of California?
a)
One-Sample T Test for a Mean
b)
One-Sample Z Test for a Mean
c)
One-Sample T Test for a Proportion 
d)
One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion
72.
USA Today reported that in 1992, 39% of all elementary school children claimed that when they grow up they want to do something to help other people. However, in 1995, 128 of a random sample of 317 of these same children claimed that when they grow up they want to do something to help other people. Does this information indicate that there has been an attitude change either way?
a)
One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion
b)
Two-Sample Z Test for the Difference in Proportions
c)
One-Sample T Test for a Mean
d)
Two-Sample T Test for the Difference in Means
73.
The manager of a sporting goods store offered a bonus commission to his salespeople when they sold moregoods. A new manager dropped the bonus system. For a random sample of six sales people, the weeklysales (in thousands of dollars) are shown in the following table with and without the bonus system
Salesperson  1 2 3 4 5 6
with bonus 2.9 3.0 5.8 4.4 5.3 5.6
w/o bonus 2.8 2.5 5.9 3.5 4.6 4.6
difference 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.9 0.7 1.0
a)
Matched-Pairs T Test for a Mean
b)
One-Sample T Test for a Mean
c)
Two-Sample T Test for the Difference in Means
74.
A  study of sport and compact car colors shows that 15.2% are green, 14.4% are white, 19.8% are red, 11.2% are black and 39.4% are other colors (based on data from DuPont Automotive as reported in USA Today). When 100 trucks and vans are randomly selected, it is found that 16 are green, 24 are white, 16 are red, none are black, and 44 are other colors. Is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that the color distribution for trucks and vans is different from the color distribution for sport and compact cars? Use a 0.05 level of significance.
a)
x-square Test
b)
x-square GOF  Test
c)
1 Proportion z test
d)
2 Proportion z test
75.
Clinical test of allergy drug Seldane yielded results summarized in the accompanying table. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the occurrence of headaches is independent of the group (Seldane, Placebo, control). Based on these results, should Seldane users be concerned about getting headaches?
a)
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit
b)
Chi-Square Test for Association/ Independence
c)
Chi Square Test of Homogeneity
d)
2 Sample Z Test
76.
The degrees of freedom for a t-test for regression slope 
a)
n-1
b)
n-2
c)
categories-1
d)
(rows-1)(columns-1)
77.
The null hypothesis in a t-test  for the regression slope  should be
a)
β≠0, there is an association between the two variables
b)
β≠0, there is not an association between teh two variables
c)
β=0, there is not an association between the two variables
d)
β= 0 there is an association between the two variables
78.
When conducting a t-test for regression slope, a P-value of 0.001 indicates we should
a)
fail to reject the null, we have not found sufficient evidence to suggest there is an association
b)
fail to reject the null, we have found sufficient evidence to suggest there is an association
c)
reject the null, we have not found sufficient evidence to suggest there is an association
d)
reject the null, we have found sufficient evidence to suggest there is an association

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