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WorksheetsCycle 2 Review for APWH Exam
Total questions: 59
Worksheet time: 30mins
Which of the following pairings most accurately reflects existing trade connections in the Greco-Roman era?
Olmec-Greek
Gupta-Greek
Polynesian-Roman
Scandinavian-Greek
Han-Roman
Which prominent Greek individual listed below was not part of a direct teacher-student relationship shared by the other four?
Plato
Herodotus
Aristotle
Socrates
Alexander the Great
Which of the following best describes BOTH the Roman and the Han empires?
Taxation of mercantile activity accounted for most government revenue.
New religions were easily assimilated into existing imperial religious ideologies.
Mounting costs associated with defending imperial frontiers led to economic and political crises.
Both empires used the family as the model for state organization.
Neither empire was linked to the Silk Roads.
What was a common feature of classical civilizations in India, China, and the Mediterranean?
Maintenance of highly centralized governments throughout the entire classical period 1000 BCE to 600 CE
Elimination of patriarchy over time
Absence of coerced labor
Social hierarchy
Agricultural systems dependent on monsoon rains
What similarity did early Buddhism and early Christianity share?
Prohibition of conversion
Inclusion of Greek and Roman gods into their pantheon
Allowance of women to enter monastic life
Requirement of total celibacy for men
Support for caste hierarchy
Which pair of rulers underwent a religious conversion process that had a broad-based impact on the lands under their control?
Henry VIII and Justinian
Asoka and Constantine
Tutankhamen and Pericles
Hammurabi and Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar and Shi Huangdi
Which policy did both Roman and Han armies tend to implement upon taking control of a foreign land?
Relative autonomy for cooperative local elites
Construction of libraries and universities
Cessation of trade contact with the rest of the world
Repression of local worship and imposition of a state religion
Enslavement of the entire working-age population
Before 600 CE, nomadic peoples of the Eurasian landmass _____ .
Continuously moved farther from civilizations into high mountain, sub-Arctic, and Arctic zones
Interacted intermittently with civilizations, often through trade
Maintained strict isolation from nearby civilizations
Were dependent on the camel for covering large distances
Lived in a state of constant warfare with neighboring civilizations
Why did the western portion of the Roman Empire suffer so much more in the breakdown of Roman imperial unity than the regions of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)?
Germanic peoples migrated to Byzantium after fleeing nomadic attackers.
The Eastern Orthodox church attracted more followers than the Roman church.
Popes of the Roman Catholic church maintained harmonious relations with western feudal lords.
The Eastern Roman world had traditionally been more economically vibrant due to more active trade links with the East.
The feudal system in the west relied on a trade system made unreliable by harsh winters.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about ancient Roman trade routes?
Roman ships dominated the trade of the Indian Ocean.
The Silk Road was Rome's most important trade route.
Most trade routes were focused around the Mediterranean Sea.
Western Europe was the most profitable trade destination of the empire and had the most trade routes.
On every trade route enslaved persons were the chief commodity being transported.
Which weakness of the Roman Empire contributed most directly to its collapse?
It was too vast to impose unity and order among all of the regions.
It did not have access to waterways suitable for carrying out long-distance trade.
Mountain ranges blocked effective transport and communications between key areas.
Repeated incursions into the territories of powerful empires to the east resulted in devastating
offensives.
It was too small to marshal resources necessary to protect itself from rival powers.
After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the empire became renamed the _____ .
Vandalistan
Visigoth Kingdom
Byzantine Empire
Bactrian Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Which of the following civilizations afforded the greatest degree of citizen input into government policy?
Gupta
Egyptian
Sumerian
Roman
Han
In Greek civilization, women _____ .
Were considered inferior to men in both the private and public spheres
Dominated trade
Were afforded the same rights no matter the city-state in which they happened to reside
Enjoyed political equality with men
Held slave status in every household
Christianity's rise is most accurately viewed as a modification of which of the following?
Buddhism
Confucianism
Judaism
Hinduism
Islam
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with classical Greek architecture?
Ziggurat
Parthenon
Corinthian
Ionic
Doric
Which neighboring power posed the greatest military threat over the course of classical Greek civilization?
Islamic
Balkan
Persian
Mongol
Egyptian
The geographic factors presented here led to the development of which highly complex and
distinctive civilization by the year 600 CE?
· Fertile river valleys
· Isolating mountain ranges
· Dependable monsoon weather patterns
Greek
Sumerian
Mayan
Roman
Indian
Which of the following best describes political patterns on the Indian subcontinent in the classical era 1000 BCE to 600 CE?
Representative democracy
Decentralized rule by local princes punctuated by Maurya and Gupta periods of unification
Decentralized rule by local princes lacking any form of subcontinent-wide authority at any point
Continuous dynastic rule under the Maurya Empire
Stateless societies
Which was the most effective unifying force in early Indian culture?
Matriarchal patterns of social authority
Recognized central political authority
Expansion of Buddhist influence
Widely practiced and similar Hindu tradition, including the caste system
Long-distance trade with East Asian civilizations
Which of the following is unique to the Hindu religion when compared to other major world religions?
I. Belief in some form of afterlife
II. Absence of a central founding figure
III. Distinct denominations
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
II only
I only
Which major world religion lacks a central founding figure?
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Islam
Christianity
Which is NOT a significant continuity Buddhism carried over from its Hindu roots?
Centrality of ritual in worship
Ornate temple architecture
Concern with and reverence for beauty in nature
Belief in an afterlife
Endorsement of caste stratification
How did the Hindu doctrine of dharma impact Indian society?
It caused the majority of the subcontinent's population to settle near the holy waters of the Ganges River.
It initiated an integrated economic system to aid merchants.
It influenced the priestly class to implement a standardized set of religious rituals for Hindus.
It was the basis of equality under the law between men and women.
It fostered the formation of rigid social and economic groups.
Which of the following ancient texts did not serve as a spiritual guide to salvation for those who lived by it?
Koran
New Testament of the Bible
Torah
Vedas
Analects
Which important idea is credited to intellectuals of the Gupta Empire?
Polytheism
Invention of the magnetic compass
The concept of zero
Development of humanity's first written script
Invention of the telescope
Which beliefs do Hinduism and Buddhism have in common?
Reincarnation
Monotheism
Reverence for Muhammad
Damnation for sinners
Belief in the caste system
Which lasting pattern in the history of the subcontinent can we trace to the period of the rule of the Maurya and Gupta empires in India?
Coexistence with Islamic rule and culture
Long and generally unbroken eras of centralized imperial rule
Difficulty in maintaining centralized imperial rule
Invasion and rule by nomadic invaders
Strong state sponsorship of Hindu beliefs
Why did long-distance trade flourish in the classical world?
Bantu migrations helped establish a. common linguistic bond across the Eurasian landmass.
Stable central rule in India throughout the period made it a vital hub of trade.
Silk Roads were so safe that individual traders frequently traveled their entire distance.
Circumnavigation of the globe by the Romans increased access to goods from distant lands.
Stable imperial authority provided safe passage for merchants.
Buddhism's rise is most accurately viewed as a modification of which of the following belief systems?
Hinduism
Daoism
Christianity
Islam
Confucianism
Which of the following regions does NOT belong in a list of lands to which Buddhism spread substantially in the centuries following the death of Siddhartha Gautama?
Central Asia
Japan
China
Mesopotamia
Southeast Asia
Which is the best estimate for the number of castes that have developed in India over the millennia?
A handful
Dozens
Hundreds
Thousands
Billions
Which of the following texts contain major religious documents that originated in India?
I. Vedas
II. Bhagavad Gita
III. Koran
III only
I only
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
Which statement comparing classical Chinese civilization with contemporary Western civilization is most accurate?
In China agriculture was replaced by handicraft manufacturing as the main economic base of society.
The Chinese developed a simplified phonetic writing system similar to Hebrew.
Women had markedly greater maneuverability within Chinese civilization to achieve positions of high social status.
China set an enduring pattern of more sophisticated agricultural, metallurgical, and textile production techniques than Western civilization.
The Chinese economy relied on slavery to a greater extent than Western civilization did.
Which of the following was NOT a tactic used by Shi Huangdi to unify China into one empire?
Employing legalism as the state political philosophy
Establishing uniform currency and measurements
Building the Great Wall to guard against invasion
Appointing bureaucrats to rule the provinces, displacing regional aristocrats
Relying mainly on diplomacy and not military force to achieve territorial expansion
Which choice best captures the main difference between legalist and Confucian beliefs?
Legalism emphasized egalitarian class relations while Confucianism was more concerned with maintaining established hierarchies.
Legalism's complex formulas for achieving spiritual enlightenment took greater root among the masses than the Confucian emphasis on achieving inner peace through unity with the natural world.
Confucianism never became state doctrine while legalism did under the Qin dynasty.
Legalism never became state doctrine while Confucianism did under the Han dynasty.
Legalism relied on harsh laws to maintain order while Confucianism depended on rituals, customs, and obligations rooted in family relations.
Which of the following was NOT a lasting feature of Chinese civilization formed by the later Zhou era?
Significant Buddhist penetration and influence among the broad masses of the people
Confucian social prescriptions to guide family and state-subject relations
Intensive river valley irrigation and agriculture
Dynastic rule and the conception of the Mandate of Heaven
Origin and early spread of a Daoist worldview
With which early Chinese emperors and dynasties do we most closely associate non-Confucian worldviews?
I. Wu Ti of the Han dynasty
II. Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty
III. Empress Wu of the Tang dynasty
II only
I only
I and III
II and III
I and II
Confucian thought falls most neatly into which of the following categories?
Conservative political philosophy aiming to preserve a hierarchical status quo
Prophetic millennial ideology preparing the masses for an impending judgment day
Spiritual guide to gaining salvation for the individual's eternal soul
Revolutionary ideology aimed at dismantling social hierarchy
Set of moral precepts designed to promote a more harmonious union between man and nature
Which of the following was NOT an important basis for the higher socioeconomic status of the Chinese gentry?
Ability to call in military resources of the imperial state to put down local peasant rebellions
Commonplace advancement of women of the gentry class in the imperial bureaucracy
Durable positions as local tax collectors and intermediaries for the imperial center
Ability to afford preparation of gentry youth for civil service exams
Control or ownership of extensive farmland
Which of the following best describes how Chinese imperial elites viewed their civilization in relation to the rest of the world?
China was a rising civilization learning from and preparing to overtake existing world powers.
China was a great civilization trapped in an irreversible decline due to nomadic invasion and inability to support massive population growth.
China was one member of a peer group of advanced civilizations.
China was an intermediary civilization whose main role was to facilitate the exchange of trade items and ideas between surrounding and more advanced societies.
China was a unique and superior civilization surrounded by barbarians of one sort or another.
Confucian thought falls most neatly into which of the following categories?
Set of moral precepts designed to promote a more harmonious union between man and nature
Revolutionary ideology aimed at dismantling social hierarchy
Spiritual guide to gaining salvation for the individual's eternal soul
Prophetic millennial ideology preparing the masses for an impending judgment day
Conservative political philosophy aiming to preserve a hierarchical status quo
Which of the following was NOT an important basis for the higher socioeconomic status of the Chinese gentry?
Ability to call in military resources of the imperial state to put down local peasant rebellions
Commonplace advancement of women of the gentry class in the imperial bureaucracy
Durable positions as local tax collectors and intermediaries for the imperial center
Ability to afford preparation of gentry youth for civil service exams
Control or ownership of extensive farmland
Which of the following best describes how Chinese imperial elites viewed their civilization in relation to the rest of the world?
China was a rising civilization learning from and preparing to overtake existing world powers.
China was a great civilization trapped in an irreversible decline due to nomadic invasion and inability to support massive population growth.
China was one member of a peer group of advanced civilizations.
China was an intermediary civilization whose main role was to facilitate the exchange of trade items and ideas between surrounding and more advanced societies.
China was a unique and superior civilization surrounded by barbarians of one sort or another.
Which of the following qualifies as an example of Confucius's "Five Basic Relationships"?
All of the above
Husband-wife
Friend-friend
Father-son
Ruler-subject
Which of the following characteristics best explains the durability of Confucian ideology in Chinese
history?
I. Its ability to model large-scale relations between groups in the body politic on familial or personal
relationships
II. Its ability to fulfill persistent desires of women for equality in gender relations
III. Its ability to unify a massive imperial bureaucracy around a common set of moral precepts over time
IV. A set of widely agreed-on and accepted essential texts, beginning with the Analects, which formed a
common basis for study over time
V. Its exclusively Chinese origin, which meshed well with prevalent notions of the superiority of the
"Middle Kingdom" over other civilizations
I, III, IV, and V
III, IV, and V
II, III, and IV
I, II, and III
I, II, and V
Which of the following choices contains belief systems that originated in China?
I. Confucianism
II. Legalism
III. Daoism
IV. Buddhism
I, II, III, and IV
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
I, II, and IV
Confucianism differed from Hinduism in that
Confucianism emphasized earthly obligations without regard to concerns relating to afterlife and rebirth.
Confucianism was more oriented toward religious devotion and the hereafter.
Confucianism more clearly outlined guidelines for behavior.
Confucianism detailed the levels of the social hierarchy in more specific terms.
Confucianism held women as subordinate to men.
Which is the closest similarity between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty of ancient China?
Both afforded women equal opportunities to wield political power as men.
Both rejected social hierarchy.
Both achieved long periods of centralized government and expanding economies.
Both created a government run by elected officials known as Senators.
Both aimed for and experienced long periods of isolationism in world affairs.
Which of the following descriptions best summarize the kinds of individuals who have founded a Chinese dynasty?
I. Military genius of peasant origin
II. Regional feudal ruler who defeats rivals in battle
III. Nomadic chieftain
IV. Confucian scholar-gentry
I and II
I, II, and III
I, III, and IV
II, III, and IV
I, II, and IV
One major difference between the fall of Han China and that of the Roman Empire was ______ .
Roman imperial blunders can be traced to decisions made in a Senate, not by emperors.
Han China adopted a new state religion in its later phase while the Roman Empire did not.
The Roman Empire collapsed due to multiple causes while Han China fell to peasant unrest alone.
The Roman Empire left little basis for subsequent developments in Western civilization.
Dynastic China would return to equal and even greater prominence.
In Chinese tradition, the Mandate of Heaven refers to ______ .
The goal of Buddhist meditation
Belief in many gods
Divine blessing of the rule of an emperor
Eternal authority of a ruling dynasty
Chinese ethnocentric tendencies
In which of the following periods of Chinese history did Confucius live?
Shang dynasty
Sui dynasty
Han dynasty
Late Zhou dynasty "Era of Warring States"
Qin dynasty
Which of the following is true for both the Qin and Han dynasties?
Nomadic invaders toppled each one.
Trade was not economically important.
Merchants were held in high regard.
Imperial authority was strong in the opening years of each.
State policy was shaped by Confucian precepts.
Daoist thought tends to emphasize _____ .
Punishment for sin
The struggle of the poor for justice
Authority of the father
Harmony with nature
Respect for the emperor
Which of the following was NOT a state concern in Han China?
Suppression of banditry
Grain requisition from the peasantry
Maintenance of the Great Wall
Sponsorship of scientific inquiry
Expanding educational opportunity for elite women
Daoist conceptions of nature emphasized _____ .
Presence of fallen human souls in the bodies of animals
Numerous minor gods that intervened in human affairs
Harmony and balance
Understanding through scientific investigation
A single omnipresent God
Daoism was never a threat to dynastic rule because _____ .
Daoists abandoned their faith in favor of Confucianism over time.
Daoist detachment from human affairs blunted the possibility of political threat.
Daoist religious leaders became the main advisors of the scholar-gentry.
Daoists believed the natural order required exploitation of the peasantry.
Daoist doctrine held that the emperor was holiest of all.
The main pattern in Chinese art established by the close of the classical era was _____ .
Representation of the peasantry
Preference of marble over jade in small sculptures
Reverence of the female physical form
High levels of craftsmanship and attention to detail work
A focus on monumental building
