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Regents Biology Unit 6: Genetics: June 2014 and 2015 Exam

Total questions: 19

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Several goldfish were kept in a small aquarium for several years. The fish grew to be approximately 6 centimeters long in the first year, and after that, growth in length stopped. These fish were later transferred to a large pond. In the pond, the goldfish grew much larger, reaching lengths of around 25 centimeters. Which statement provides the best explanation for the increased growth of the fish in the pond?
a)
Chemicals present in the pond increased the amount of DNA in the fish, causing the growth increase
b)
The expression of genetic information in the fish was influenced by their surroundings
c)
The fish expressed and passed on only those characteristics that enabled them to survive in the new environment
d)
The size of the fish depended only on their food supply and not on their DNA
2.

The accompanying diagram represents a scientific technique in use today. Scientists have used this technique to...

a)

produce hormones for human use at a lower cost than other methods

b)

produce pathogens that are able to live in humans

c)

clone human cells with desired characteristics

d)

eliminate the need for laboratory production of medicines for humans

3.
Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in an organism?
a)
eating certain foods high in saturated fats
b)
strenuous physical activity
c)
exposure to radiation
d)
a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures
4.
Which expression correctly represents a reproductive process that usually occurs in humans where 2n is equal to the number of chromosomes in each body cell?
a)
n + n → n
b)
n + n → 2n
c)
n + 2n → 2n
d)
2n + 2n → 4n
5.

The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence.

This alteration is most likely the result of...

a)

a substitution at base 2

b)

a deletion of base 2

c)

an insertion of base 3

d)

a deletion of base 4

6.

Which statement is a valid inference that can be made based on the data in this graph?

a)

The change in the level of gene expression in gene 4 could indicate it plays a major role in the development of cancer.

b)

Slight decreases in gene expression will always result in the formation of cancer cells.

c)

Cells will develop cancer if the gene expression of these five genes remains below four peptides per second.

d)

An increase in the level of gene expression in these five genes is necessary for cancer to develop in cells.

7.

Which statement best describes a relationship between the common ancestor and the other organisms in the diagram?

a)

The common ancestor most likely has segments of its DNA that will match each of the other organisms’.

b)

The common ancestor is more closely related to macaques than to gibbons.

c)

Orangutans and gorillas have exactly the same DNA as the common ancestor

d)

Chimps and baboons were the first organisms to evolve from the common ancestor.

8.

A line representing an organism that is closely related to leaf monkeys and that evolved at about the same time as the gibbons would be drawn beginning at point...

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

9.

The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel electrophoresis results is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

a)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father

b)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.

c)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.

d)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.

10.
A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of a skin cell. In the future, this change can be passed on to...
a)
his male and female children
b)
his male children, only
c)
all cells in his body
d)
his skin cells, only
11.

Which phrase best describes a gene?

a)

a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the body cells of an organism

b)

a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the gametes of an organism

c)

a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism

d)

a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing all the characteristics of an organism

12.

The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed in the picture.

Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?

a)

Guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine.

b)

Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine.

c)

Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adenine.

d)

Cytosine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine.

13.
Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the...
a)
DNA in muscle cells
b)
base sequences in liver cells
c)
genes in an egg cell
d)
number of chromosomes in a fetal bone cell
14.
Genetic engineering has the potential to correct human genetic disorders. In gene therapy, a defective gene is replaced by using a virus to insert a normal gene into the cells of an individual. This treatment will be most successful if the virus is inserted into cells that...
a)
lack a nucleus
b)
are recycled after death, rather than removed from the body
c)
carry out one specific function, rather than multiple functions
d)
continue to divide during the life of the patient
15.
In the early 1900s, experiments were conducted on two caterpillar species. The members of the two species were each divided into two groups. One group of each species was placed under red light, while the other group of each species was kept in the dark. When the caterpillars developed into butterflies, their wings showed extreme color differences. Exposure to red light resulted in intensely colored wings, while those kept in the dark had paler wing colors. The color differences were most likely due to...
a)
mutations in the color-producing genes
b)
the caterpillars in the red light producing more DNA
c)
gene expression being affected by the environment
d)
the caterpillars in the dark evolving less than those in the light
16.

The diagram below shows some of the DNA in a bacterium into which a human gene, X, has been successfully inserted.

The bacteria that result from reproduction of this cell will most likely have the ability to...

a)

replicate all of the genetic instructions found in humans

b)

produce vaccines to be used to immunize humans

c)

produce a human blood cell according to instructions in gene X

d)

produce the human protein coded for by gene X

17.

Which statement best explains the development of variety C?

a)

Nuclei from body cells taken from variety A were inserted into egg cells lacking nuclei taken from variety B.

b)

Selective breeding was used to combine desirable traits from both varieties A and B

c)

The need to adapt to changes in the environment led to the selection of advantageous characteristics in the offspring of variety B.

d)

Mutations that occurred in the body cells of variety A were passed on to the offspring generation after generation.

18.

Which mammal would be most closely related to a hippopotamus?

a)

deer

b)

whale

c)

pig

d)

cow

19.

Which two organisms are most closely related?

a)

cyanobacteria and green algae

b)

red algae and spinach

c)

brown algae and red algae

d)

red algae and cyanobacteria

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