The primary advantage of digital transmission over analog transmission is

Digital signals are also better suited than analog signals for processing and combining using a technique called

digital transmission systems are more resistant to analog systems to additive noise because they use signal ___________ rather than signal amplification.

is the processing of analog signals using digital methods and includes bandlimiting the signal with filters, amplitude equalization, and phase shifting.

consists essentially of sampling analog information signals and then converting those samples into discrete pulses and transporting the pulses from a source to a destination over a physical transmission medium.

is sometimes called pulse duration modulation

(PDM)

•The pulse width is proportional to the amplitude of the analog signal

•the position of a constant-width pulse within a prescribed time slot is varied according to the amplitude of the sample of the analog signal.

•the amplitude of a constant width, constant-position pulse is varied according to the amplitude of the sample of the analog signal

•The analog signal is sampled and converted to a fixed length, serial binary number for transmission

•Invented by ALEX H. REEVES

is when tops of the sample pulses retain their natural shape during the sample interval, making it difficult for an ADC to convert the sample to a PCM code

is accomplished in a sample-and-hold circuit

–To sample periodically the continually changing analog signal and convert the samples to a series of constant amplitude PAM levels

–Gradual discharge across the capacitor during conversion time

–The Nyquist sampling theorem establishes the minimum sampling rate (fs) that can be used for a given PCM system

If fs is less than two times fa, an impairment called

is the process of converting an infinite number of possibilities to a finite number of conditions

The magnitude difference between adjacent steps is called

the

is the ratio of the largest possible magnitude to the smallest possible magnitude (other than 0 V) that can be decoded by the digital-to-analog converter in the receiver