Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas

Patron of exploration; from Portugal

Portuguese explorer; first to find a water route to India

His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe

French explorer who claimed much of modern eastern Canada

English explorer; ship was the Golden Hind; second to circumnavigate the globe

Tried to find a westward route to Asia; instead he discovered the New World

Writer of Praise of Folly; humanist

Writer of Don Quixotre

Renaissance English playwriter

Developed the printing press

Painter of the Sistine Chapel; sculpted David and the Pieta

Painted the Last Supper and Mona Lisa; ideal Renaissance man

Romantic painter; used landscapes; painted Liberty Leading the People

Protestant reformer; believed in predestination

First protestant reformer; 95 theses

Protestant reformer; became leader of Anglican Church of England with the Act of Supremacy; split with the Catholic Church because he was refused a divorce

Catholic group who tried to convert people to Catholicism

Founder of Judaism

Founder of Buddhism

Founder of Islam

Founder of Christianity; he is called the Messiah

Queen who continued strengthening the Anglican Church; daughter of Henry VIII

Head of the Catholic Church

Came to power during the Glorious Revolution; had to accept Parliament's Bill of Rights which limited the power of the monarch(s) and increased the power of Parliament

English king during the Restoration period

Killed during the English Civil War

Fled during the Glorious Revolution

changed the 30 years war from a religious to a political one

Leader of the Reign of Terror

French king who was guillotined along with his wife Marie Antoinette

Absolute monarch of Prussia; militarism

Absolute monarch of Russia; westernization

Absolute monarch of France; "I am the state"; Palace of Versailles

He united southern Italy; leader of the Red Shirts

He united northern Italy; great politican

He is responsible for uniting Prussia to become Germany; believed in realpolitik

Led a slave revolt in Haiti

Led independence movement in much of South America

Developed the heliocentric theory

Discovered the laws of planetary motion; said the planets revolved around the sun in ellipses not perfect circles; the closer the planet got to the sun the faster it orbited around.

He supported the heliocentric theory; used the telescope to discover Saturn's rings; and 4 of the moons around Jupiter; brought before the Inquisition for heresy.

He discovered the laws of motion; gravity; developed calculus

He is responsible for discovering the circulation of the blood in the human body

Enlightenment philosopher who believed in separation of church and state; wrote Candide

Enlightenment philosopher who believed in separation of church and state; wrote Candide

Enlightenment philosopher who wrote about three equal branches of government (judicial, legislative, and executive).

Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Leviathan; said people were naturally selfish and brutal and needed an absolute monarch to govern

Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Social Contract; said people had the power to rule (popular sovereignty)

Leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War

Ruling family of the southern part of the Holy Roman Empire; Catholic; involved in the Thirty Years War

Discovered a cheaper way for making steel

Inventor of the cotton gin

Developed the first steam engine

Discovered germs; bacteria

Discovered vaccination for small pox

Wrote "Wealth of Nations"; founder of capitalism

wrote the "Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital"; founder of communism

He gained India's independence with passive resistance

Leader of South Africa; help to end apartheid

Prime Minister of India

Prime Minister of England

Leader of Kenya in Africa

His death started World War I; leader of Austria-Hungary

US President during WWI; his peace plan was the 14 points, which called for the League of Nations

Russian czar who was killed along with his family in the Russian Revolution of 1917

Leader of the Bolsheviks; created the first communist state

Fascist dictator of Germany; leader of the Nazi Party; wrote "Mein Kampf". He was able to come to power because of the Great Depression and the failure of the Treaty of Versailles

Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII

Emperor of Japan during WWII

General of Japan during WWII; he had more power than the emperor

Totalitarian leader of Russia/Soviet Union during WWII; 5 Year Plan; collectivization; Great Purge

US General of Europe during WWII; later becomes President

US General of the Pacific during WWII; responsible for rebuilding Japan after WWII

His plan gave billions to rebuild Western Europe after World War II

US President at the end of WWII; he decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan; his doctrine said the US would stop the spread of communism

US President during the Great Depression and most of WWII

Leader of Germany during World War I

Communist leader of Cuba; allowed Soviet Union to put nuclear weapons in Cuba

Soviet leader at the end of the Cold War

US President contributed with ending the Cold War; built up the US military

Leader of the Communists during the Chinese Revolution

Leader of the Nationalists during the Chinese Revolution; went to Taiwan after he was defeated

Communist leader of Vietnam