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WorksheetsSpring Semester Final Exam Review
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 38mins
The Declaration of Independence was influenced by what philosophical movement?
Realism
Enlightenment
Absolutism
Heliocentrism
Which of the following made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?
natural philosophers
Greek thinkers
the telescope and microscope
the printing press
The scientific method grew out of the belief that the world is best understood through
imagination
direct observation
the teachings of Aristotle
a geocentric view of the universe
Which idea of Baron Montesquieu has been incorporated into the U.S. Constitution?
social contract
economic laissez-faire
religious tolerance
separation of governmental powers
Which religion dominated most of Western Europe during the Enlightenment and often clashed with the ideas held about European leaders?
Eastern Orthodoxy
Islam
Catholicism
Protestantism
The economic crisis that triggered the French Revolution was caused in part by ____________________________.
the bourgeoisie's refusal to pay taxes
inadequate monetary reserves
corruption among local parish priests
inflation and widespread unemployment
The French Revolution echoed the eighteenth-century Enlightenment in calling for ___________________________.
a new social order
the divine right of kings
violent overthrow of the monarchy
greater respect for religious institutions
Napoleon's downfall began in 1812, when he decided to _____________________________.
invade Russia
stage a coup d'etat
set up a centralized bureacracy
spread the liberal ideals of the revolution
Which of the following caused social unrest in France?
The nobility still treated peasants in a manner similar medieval serfdom.
The Estates-General made most of the important decisions for France.
The French court spent so much money that people did not respect the king.
The peasants owner more land than the nobility.
Under Robespierre, the Convention pursued a policy of de-Christianization because its members believed that _______.
religion supported the monarchy.
religion encouraged superstition, rather than the use of reason.
other religions should be represented in France.
church and state should be separate.
The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute ______________________.
Austrian prisoners.
the sans-culottes and other members of the Paris Commune.
counterrevolutionaries and traitors.
Robespierre's followers.
The Russians defeated Napoleon's Grand Army by ______________________.
retreating hundreds of miles and burning their own villages and countryside.
waiting to attack during the brutal Russian winter.
splitting their meager forces in half and attacking from two sides.
joining with Egypt, which attacked Turkey to draw Napoleon from Russia.
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain partly because its rivers provided ______________________.
cheaper food.
coal and iron ore.
transportation and power.
plentiful labor.
The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was evident in the ________________________.
emergence of the middle class and the working class.
growing death rates across Europe.
thick air pollution that choked the British sides.
widespread famines caused by families abandoning their farms.
The ability to produce higher-quality iron helped increase industrialization because _______________________.
factory owners were willing to buy more iron.
less iron was needed when the quality was higher.
better-quality iron cost less money to produce.
better machines could be built from iron.
Industrialization spread rapidly in both Europe and the United States thanks to _______________________.
railroads.
steamboats.
peasants.
wealthy investors.
The factory created a new labor system in which ________________________.
products were produced by an assembly line of workers and animals.
workers had to work regular hours and perform repetitive tasks.
machines were valued more highly than the workers who ran them.
workers had to adjust to periods of hectic work followed by idle periods.
The Industrial Revolution increased people's interest in _______________________.
feelings and emotions.
theories of business management.
the price of goods.
scientific research.
The creation of new inventions during the Industrial Revolution led to __________________________.
an increase in the demand for slaves.
a decrease in the demand for slaves.
the decline of economies around the world.
a world war that led to the death of millions.
What did Western nations hope to gain by establishing new colonies after 1800?
languages and cultures to add to their own
additional ideas for their own industries
more people to add to their population figures
raw materials for their industries and markets to sell their products
As in Europe and the United States, Latin American industrialization led to ____________________________.
economic decline.
social unrest.
urbanization.
imperialism.
Early resistance to colonial rule was based on ______________.
anger at bad treatment.
a desire for national independence.
student movements for free tuition.
the wish to become Westernized.
How did European imperialism give rise to African nationalism?
Mistreated Africans on plantations rose up because they were underpaid and treated cruelly.
African nationalists wanted to imitate the way the Europeans governed African colonies.
European governors of African colonies helped the Africans learn how to govern themselves.
Educated Africans rebelled because they recognized the hypocrisy of the Europeans' treatment of them.
The colonial takeover of Southeast Asia began with the rivalry between which two nations?
Japan and China
France and Britain
Vietnam and Burma
United States and China
Initially, the war effort on the Western Front was characterized by ______________.
slow but steady advancement of the German army on the ground.
trench warfare that kept both sides in the same positions for four years.
decisive victories by the French army and swift retreat of German forces.
innovative strategies that used new technologies available to both armies.
Czar Nicholas's abdication led to which of the following?
civil war and the establishment of a Communist government.
a strong provisional government with wide support.
the creation of a new czarist government by the middle classes
the growth of free-market capitalism and widespread peace
The Western Front turned into a stalemate with the introduction of _______________.
the Schlieffen Plan.
air warfare.
trench warfare.
zeppelin bombardments.
Germany was especially opposed to Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles because it ________________.
forced Germany to reduce the size of its army and navy.
returned the territories of Alsace and Lorraine to France.
awarded sections of eastern Germany to the new Polish state.
held Germany (and Austria) responsible for the war and required reparations.
The Treaty of Versailles resulted in _______________.
independent, self-governed Middle Eastern nations, such as Syria.
large territorial gains for the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires.
a successful redrawing of borders around European ethnic groups.
the creation of new nations in eastern Europe and the Middle East.
After the end of World War I, Germany was ____________.
unwilling to accept the Treaty of Versailles.
dissatisfied with the Allies' dictated peace.
broken up into many small kingdoms.
invited to the Paris Peace Conference.
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor caused ________________.
Germany to end the war.
the United States to enter the war.
Southeast Asia to fall to the Japanese.
the European Theater of the war to take precedence over fighting in the Pacific.
A factor in leading many Germans to accept Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party was ____________________.
Hitler's abolition of Reichstag.
the regime's successful suppression of all crime for four years.
admiration for Hitler's support of the Catholic Church.
the belief that Hitler had ended the country's economic depression.
Mien Kampf is ________________.
a book Adolf Hitler wrote in prison, in which he describes his political philosophy.
a propaganda film directed by Leni Riefenstahl.
a surrealist painting by Salvador Dali.
a program adopted by the Nazi regime to provide leisure activities for the working class.
Hitler wanted to dominate other countries because he believed that ___________________.
other countries were trying to conquer Germany.
Germany's people were superior to everyone else.
Germany's natural resources were superior.
the Treaty of Versailles would protect Germany.
The Battle of Stalingrad was a crushing defeat for Germany because ______________.
it was the first major defeat suffered by the German army.
the entire Sixth Army, considered the best of the German troops, was lost.
the German army outnumbered the Swiss army but could not take the city.
Soviet soldiers used captured tanks to push Germany out of the Soviet Union.
Iwo Jima was important to the Allies because _______________.
it contained valuable mineral resources.
many Allied soldiers shed their blood on that soil.
trade ships from around the world docked at Iwo Jima's ports.
Japan used airfields on the island to support its naval forces.
The United States carried on an "island-hopping campaign in order to ___________________.
get close enough to mainland Japan to take over.
reach the Soviet Union from the east.
cause fewer casualties than a land war would.
sneak up on Hitler from the sea.
What was a key reason that the Allies were able to stop the German and the Japanese forces?
shortage of air power among the Axis powers
lack of desire by the German forces
unity of purpose among the Allies
disagreements between Japan and Germany
The victims of the Holocaust included large numbers of _______________.
ethnic Germans.
European Jews.
Italians.
Japanese.
Which event ended the war in the Pacific?
the D-Day landing at Normandy
the arrest of Mussolini
the capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Which was a cause of President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
There were not enough soldiers to fight on the ground.
The United States had run out of regular bombs.
Using the atomic bomb would save the lives of American soldiers.
The Japanese were making their own nuclear weapons.
What organization was created as a result of World War II?
League of Nations
United Nations
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Rome-Berlin Axis
After World War II, the United States and Soviet Union ___________________________.
agreed to work with each other to ensure that another war did not occur.
became fierce rivals as a result of conflicting political beliefs.
fought each other directly over control of Eastern Europe.
formed NATO, a treaty organization with the purpose of avoiding war.
Which policy did the United States adopt to prevent the spread of Communism?
domino theory
deterrence
containment
permanent revolution
The Marshall Plan was based on the idea that _____________.
North and South Korea should be unified.
military force was the best way to contain communism.
nations should maintain large arsenals of nuclear weapons.
communism succeeded only in countries with economic problems.
Who led the communists to victory in 1949 in the Chinese civil war?
Mao Zedong
Ho Chi Minh
Deng Xiaoping
Chiang Kai-shek
To stop the Soviet Union from delivering missiles to Cuba, Kennedy decided to __________.
have Cuban exiles invade their homeland at the Bay of Pigs.
set up a naval blockade to stop the Soviets, thus averting nuclear war.
invade Cuba with U.S. forces, risking nuclear war.
attack the Soviets directly, but not use nuclear weapons.
In the 1960s, most protests by American university students were sparked by _____________.
a rise in unemployment.
U.S. involvement in Algeria.
the rising costs of living.
the Vietnam War.
U.S. involvement in the Korean and Vietnam Wars were direct results of the ______________.
Truman Doctrine.
policy of deterrence.
The Marshall Plan.
policy of containment.
The policies of which president are credited by many historians as a contributing factor to the demise of the Soviet Union and to the eventual end to the Cold War?
Jimmy Carter
Bill Clinton
Ronald Reagan
Richard Nixon
