WorksheetsFrontiers of Research: Quiz 5
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 18mins
"Students taught first aid by programmed instruction will achieve at a higher level than those taught first aid by the traditional method." The independent variable in this hypothesis is:
students
level of achievement
programmed instruction
method of instruction
In this example, "Students taught first aid by programmed instruction will achieve at a higher level than those taught first aid by the traditional method," the dependent variable is:
students
level of achievement
programmed instruction
method of instruction
Statements or predictions that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence are called:
assumptions
indicators
hypothesis
premises
"Learning disabled children who attend public school programs will show greater increases in social competence than will comparable children who attend institutional programs." This is an example of a(n):
directional research hypothesis
assumption
research question
nondirectional research hypothesis
Empirically testing a hypothesis is the process of determining:
whether it fits with previous knowledge
its logical consistency
if systematic observation confirms it
whether it is related to the problem at hand
A research report states that Group A was exposed to a new teaching method and Group B was exposed to a traditional method. At the end of a four-month period, each group was given the same achievement test. Group A had a mean score that was higher than the mean score for Group B. The dependent variable in this study was the:
achievement scores of the students
motivation of the students
type of teaching
length of the period of instruction
When a hypothesis is confirmed, one should conclude that:
it is consistent with existing theory
the study was conducted properly
the hypothesis is true
the data provide evidence favorable to the belief that the hypothesis is true
If a researcher studies the effects of frustration on the frequency of aggressive behavior, degree of frustration should be regarded as a(n):
dependent variable
independent variable
extraneous variable
constant
Which of the following is likely to be of greatest value in formulating hypotheses for a scientific investigation?
A high level of emotional involvement in the research problem
A rigorous statistical design
Clear indication of the variables involved
A problem statement that is broad in scope
The dependent variable is so called because:
scores on this variable are hypothesized to depend on, and vary with, the value of the independent variable
the outcome of an experiment is hypothesized to depend on the effect that this variable has on the independent variable
scores on this variable can be expected not to vary in an experiment
scores on this variable depend on how they are manipulated by the researcher
Which of the following questions indicates a relationship?
What are the effects of the new reading program?
Do parents and teachers differ in expectations of achievement?
To what extent is the new math curriculum being used by teachers?
What do students expect to do after high school graduation?
Characteristics of persons or things that can assume different values are called:
variables
distributions
observations
data
In a research investigation, constants are:
to be avoided
variables that complicate interpretation
the treatments or methods being compared
none of the above
A categorical variable is one that varies in:
type but not amount
amount but not type
both type and amount
none of the above
Treating a variable such as "reading achievement" as a categorical variable:
is inconsistent with what is known about the variable
reduces the amount of information about the variable
both A and B
Neither A nor B
An outcome variable is most similar to a(n):
dependent variable
independent variable
manipulated vairable
extraneous variable
In a study comparing methods of improving critical thinking, what type of variable is "critical thinking"?
Dependent, outcome, quantitative
Dependent, manipulated, quantitative
Independent, manipulated, qualitative
Independent, outcome, quantitative
Which of the following is a quantitative variable?
Method of teaching mathematics
Self-Esteem
Occupation
Country of birth
In the hypothesis, "Eleventh grade students will achieve more with teachers who are enthusiastic," which of the following is an extraneous variable?
Student achievement
Teacher enthusiasm
Eleventh-grade students
Academic ability of students
A manipulated variable is one that:
uses equipment
requires subjects to arrange materials
is arranged by the researcher
makes a study hard to interpret
Advantages of stating research questions as hypotheses include:
clarity
persuasiveness
efficiency
all of the above
Disadvantages of stating hypotheses include all of the following except:
enhancing unintentional researcher bias
overlooking other relationships
complicating the design of a study
enhancing the likelihood of researcher cheating
Which of the following is a nondirectional hypothesis?
Students receiving peer tutoring will show greater mathematics gains than students not receiving peer tutoring.
Boys and girls will differ in their attitudes toward school.
"A" students have higher self-esteem than "C" students.
Science teachers ask more questions than social studies teachers.
A moderator variable is one that
makes a relationship meaningless.
qualifies the application of a relationship.
weakens the strength of a relationship.
provides an alternative explanation for a relationship.
Which of the following is a likely moderator variable in a study of the relationship between church attendance and political party preference?
age
gender
income
all of the above
A mediator variable is one which:
provides an alternative explanation for a relationship
modifies or influences the strength of a relationship between two other variables
helps to explain a relationship between two other variables
has a possible causal effect on another variable
Which description best fits the term: Treatment Variable
Experimental variable
Quantitative variable
Categorical variable
Extraneous variable
Educated guess
Which description best fits the term: Hair Style
Experimental variable
Quantitative variable
Categorical variable
Extraneous variable
Educated guess
Which description best fits the term: Appetite
Experimental variable
Quantitative variable
Categorical variable
Extraneous variable
Educated guess
Which description best fits the term: Directional Hypothesis
Experimental variable
Quantitative variable
Categorical variable
Extraneous variable
Educated guess
Which description best fits the term: Uncontrolled Variable
Experimental variable
Quantitative variable
Categorical variable
Extraneous variable
Educated guess
Exploring relationships in research questions helps us to understand our world better by making connections and detecting patterns among the parts that may be related.
True
False
A "variable" is the same thing as a "factor."
True
False
If a variable can be treated as either quantitative or categorical, it is preferable to treat it as categorical.
True
False
An extraneous variable that is not controlled can be likened to a rival hypothesis in terms of possibly explaining the results of a study.
True
False
One way to control extraneous variables is to hold them constant.
True
False
