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AP Final Review 2026

Total questions: 38

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What type of asexual reproduction is shown?
a)
binary fission
b)
sporulation
c)
vegetative propagation
d)
regeneration
2.

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Allows genetic variation

b)

Only needs one parent

c)

Happens very quickly

d)

Offspring are exact copies of parent

3.

What number(s) on the graph represents the THRESHOLD level of stimulus?

a)

1 and 5

b)

2

c)

3

d)

6

4.

What number on the graph represents the repolarization phase?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

5.
What number on the graph represents the Depolarization phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
6.
What number on the graph represents the Hyperpolarization phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
7.

When a neuron is at REST,

a)

the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside.

b)

the inside of the neuron is positively charged compared to the outside.

c)

there is no charge difference established

d)

none of these is true

8.

Which ion flows into a neuron to initiate an action potential?

a)

Sodium

b)

Potassium

c)

Chloride

d)

Calcium

9.

Which part of a neuron releases neurotransmitters?

a)

Axon

b)

Dendrites

c)

Axon terminals

d)

Soma

10.

Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct transmission sequence at a chemical synapse?

1. Neurotransmitter binds with receptor

2. Calcium ions rush into neuron’s cytoplasm

3. Action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane

4. Ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell

5. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

a)

4-3-1-2-5

b)

2-3-5-4-1

c)

1-2-3-4-5

d)

3-2-5-1-4

11.
How do cells maintain their membrane potential?
a)
By using sodium-potassium pumps to actively (with ATP) transport ions
b)
By using sodium-potassium pumps to passively (without ATP) transport ions
c)
simple diffusion
d)
osmosis
12.

Put the following in the correct order for muscle contraction.


1. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites.

2. Calcium is released and binds to troponin.

3. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

4. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules and ATP.

5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

a)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b)

2, 3, 4, 1, 5

c)

2, 1, 3, 5, 4

d)

5, 3, 2, 1, 4

e)

5, 3, 1, 2, 4

13.

To which of the following do the myosin cross bridges bind during muscle contraction?

a)

troponin

b)

actin

c)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

d)

tropomyosin

14.

To which of the following cellular components does calcium bind to initiate a muscular contraction?

a)

troponin

b)

actin

c)

myosin

d)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

e)

tropomyosin

15.
The back of the eye;  an upside-down image of whatever you are looking at is projected here. 
a)
lens
b)
cornea
c)
pupi
d)
retina
16.

In which order is a signal sent from stimulus to response?

a)

Sensory Organ, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector

b)

Sensory Neuron, Sensory Organ, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector

c)

Interneuron, Sensory Neuron, Sensory Organ, Motor Neuron, Effector

d)

Motor Neuron, Effector, Interneuron, Sensory Neuron, Sensory Organ

e)

Effector, Motor Neuron, Interneuron, Sensory Neuron, Sensory Organ

17.

Symbiotic relationships. flea and cat

a)

+/-

b)

+/+

c)

-/-

d)

+/0

e)

0/0

18.

Symbiotic relationships. bee and flower

a)

+/-

b)

+/+

c)

-/-

d)

+/0

e)

0/0

19.

Symbiotic relationships. cow and cellulose digesting microorganisms in its gut

a)

+/-

b)

+/+

c)

-/-

d)

+/0

e)

0/0

20.

Symbiotic relationships. A robin living in an oak tree

a)

+/-

b)

+/+

c)

-/-

d)

+/0

e)

0/0

21.
 If worldwide deforestation (removal of forests) is not regulated, what could most likely result?  
a)
Acid rain could lower the pH of rivers and lakes to dangerous levels for aquatic life
b)
  CO2 levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems
c)
Plants and animals could become better adapted to living in desert conditions.
d)
Future generations of humans could have an excess of wood and paper products.
22.
Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels?
a)
global climate change
b)
pollution of ocean waters
c)
ozone layer destruction
d)
decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
23.

A solid ball of cells

a)

blastula

b)

gastrula

c)

morula

d)

zygote

e)

neural tube

24.

The first stage of embryo development in which there are three layers of cells

a)

blastula

b)

gastrula

c)

morula

d)

zygote

e)

neural tube

25.

Stimulates an egg to develop in it's follicle

a)

testosterone

b)

progesterone

c)

lutenizing hormone (LH)

d)

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

e)

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

26.

In human males, mature sperm cells are stored in the

a)

seminiferous tubules

b)

seminal vesicle

c)

prostate

d)

epididymis

e)

urethra

27.

In which stage of the menstrual cycle is the uterine lining broken down and shed?

a)

corpus luteum stage

b)

follicle stage

c)

menstruation

d)

ovulation

28.
When an unfertilized egg develops into an organism it is called
a)
binary fission
b)
budding
c)
parthenogenesis
d)
fertilization
29.

trace a sperm cell from the structure where it is produced to fertilization of the egg.

a)

6,1,2,7,5,3,4

b)

1,6,2,7,5,3,4

c)

1,6,2,7,5,4,3

d)

1,2,6,7,5,3,4

e)

1,2,6,7,5,4,3

30.

Which structure in the female reproductive system secretes progesterone?

a)

Corpus albincans

b)

The anterior pituitary

c)

Cervix

d)

Corpus luteum

31.

A sarcomere is the

a)

Complex that calcium ions bind to

b)

The filament that slides over the myosin head binding sites

c)

Z-line

d)

Functional unit of a muscle cell

32.

A lack of ATP will cause

a)

Myosin and actin to be unable to separate

b)

Calcium will not be secreted from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

c)

Myosin head will not bind to actin

d)

T-tubules will not be depolarized

33.

Muscles and glands are considered:

a)

Efferent neurons

b)

Effectors

c)

Receptors

d)

Afferent Neurons

34.

EPSP's and IPSP's are generated at the:

a)

Axon Terminal

b)

Axon Hillock

c)

Dendrite

d)

Node of Ranvier

35.

B-cells and T-cells can bind with antigen. Antigen are:

a)

Foreign proteins that can trigger an immune response

b)

Pathogenic invaders that always cause harm

c)

Proteins released by Plasma Cells

d)

Antibodies

36.

Most vaccines give the recipient

a)

Active immunity

b)

Passive immunity

c)

Antibodies

d)

A small amount of pathogen

37.

B-cells mature in the bone marrow and produce:

a)

Antigen

b)

Antibody

c)

Antibiotics

d)

Antihistamine

38.

Primary Consumers

a)

Eat Producers

b)

Eat Herbivores

c)

Eat Secondary Consumers

d)

Photosynthesize

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