representations that stand in for objects or events and have a picture like quality

ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities

a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept

occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways

refers to trying one solution after another until finding one that works.

specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.

a simple rule that is intended to apply to many situations. "Rule of Thumb"

used for categorizing objects and simply assumes that any object (or person) that shares characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category. can cause errors due to ignoring base rates, the actual probability of a given event.

based on our estimation of the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples.

does work much of the time is to work backward from the goal. Ex : to get to coffee shop you check gps or maps

break down goals into :

When the solution to a problem seems to come suddenly to mind.

Concepts defined by specific rules or features and are quite rigid.

the tendency to perceive objects as having only the use for which they were originally intended and, therefore, failing to see them as possible tools for solving other problems.

tendency to search for evidence that

confirms one’s beliefs, ignoring any evidence to the contrary.

involves coming up with as many differ-

ent answers as possible. This is a kind of creativity (combining

ideas or behavior in new ways).

the ability to understand the world, think

rationally or logically, and use resources effectively when faced

with challenges or problems.

Sternberg proposed three types of intelligence

yields an IQ score that was

once determined by dividing the mental age of the person by the

chronological age and multiplying that quotient by 100 but now

involves comparing a person’s score to a standardized norm.

important fac-

tors in the construction of an intelligence test

based on the normal curve, defining differ-

ent levels of intelligence based on the deviation of scores from

a common mean.

neurodevelopmental condition in

which IQ falls below 70 and adaptive behavior across conceptual,

social, and practical domains of life is severely deficient for a per-

son of a particular chronological age. Symptoms must also first

be present during the developmental period.

defined as those having IQ scores at the up-

per end of the normal curve (130 or above).

involves being able to reach goals and

engage in productive thinking through accurate awareness and

effective management of our own emotions. It also involves our

ability to understand what others feel.

has been criticized for a lack of objectivity be-

cause Terman became too involved in the lives of several of his

participants, even to the point of intervening on their behalf.

system for combining symbols so that an infinite

number of meaningful statements can be created and communi-

cated to others.

system of rules by which language is governed

and includes the rules for using phonemes, morphemes, and

syntax.

Causes of intellectual disability :

Causes of intellectual disability :