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Foundations Midterm

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is true regarding Watson and Crick's model of DNA?

a)

N-glycosidic bonds between -OH groups of C3 on one sugar and C1 on another

b)

N-glycosidic bonds form the backbone

c)

3'-5' phosphodiester bonds between nitrogenous bases and C1 of sugars

d)

5' end is phosphate group

e)

Left handed helix

2.

Based on Chargaff's rule, determine which of the following is true for ssDNA that is 20% A.

a)

20% T

b)

20% C

c)

30% G

d)

30% T

e)

Not enough information

3.

Which of the following structural modifications is important for the function of mRNA?

a)

3' cap

b)

3' acceptor end

c)

Poly-A tail

d)

Cloverleaf structure

e)

High percentage of unusual bases

4.

You are beginning a chemotherapy regimen on a patient using a drug that acts specifically to inhibit topoisomerase 1. What phase of the cell cycle is this drug MOST active?

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

M

e)

Cell cycle nonspecific

5.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding short segments of parental duplex DNA?

a)

Primase

b)

Topoisomerase II

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

e)

Gyrase

6.

Which of the following is true regarding telomerase?

a)

Active in somatic cells

b)

Similar to enzyme found in retroviruses

c)

Synthesizes in the 3'-5' direction

d)

Extends 5' end of DNA

e)

Acts as an exonuclease in DNA repair

7.

Which of the following best describes a mutation that results in a stop codon?

a)

Silent

b)

Missense

c)

Nonsense

d)

Inversion

e)

Insertion

8.

Which of the following point mutations is an example of transition?

a)

A to T

b)

A to G

c)

A to C

d)

T to G

e)

T to A

9.

Which of the following represents an endogenous source of DNA damage?

a)

Ionizing radiation

b)

Hydrocarbon exposure

c)

ROS

d)

Chemotherapy

e)

Tautomeric shift

10.

alpha-Amantin leads to death within 10 days for 10-20% of people. This is most directly due to:

a)

Inability to synthesize mRNA

b)

Inability to synthesize tRNA

c)

Inability to synthesize rRNA

d)

Inability to form ribosomes

e)

Inability to synthesize rRNA and form ribosomes

11.

Which of the following antibiotics acts most directly to inhibit translocation?

a)

Streptomycin

b)

Tetracycline

c)

Puromycin

d)

Chloramphenicol

e)

Erythromycin

12.

A single amino acid may be associated with more than one codon. This is an example of how the genetic code is:

a)

Specific

b)

Universal

c)

Degenerative

d)

Continuous

e)

Non-overlapping

13.

When glucose and lactose are present, the lac operon is best described as:

a)

Operon repressed

b)

On

c)

Operon uninduced

d)

Initiating transcription

14.

A protein possessing multiple isoforms is best understood as an example of:

a)

Alternative splicing

b)

Alternative polyadenylation

c)

mRNA editing

d)

mRNA stability

e)

RNA interference

15.

Which of the following will result in increased gene expression?

a)

Histone deacetylation

b)

DNA methylation

c)

Chromatin condensation

d)

Production of miRNAs

e)

Decreased (+) charge of the histone

16.

In humans, glucose primarily exists as:

a)

An optically inactive chain

b)

Levorotary

c)

a-D-glucose

d)

B-D-glucose

e)

Furan ring

17.

D-Glucose and D-fructose are:

a)

Isomers

b)

Pentoses

c)

Aldoses

d)

Epimers

e)

Enantiomers

18.

Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?

a)

B-D-glucopyranose

b)

a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-B-D-fructofuranose

c)

a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,6)-B-D-glucopyranose

d)

B-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-B-D-glucopyranose

e)

B-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-a-D-glucopyranose

19.

Macrophages secrete ________ in response to ingested microorganisms that they cannot kill intracellularly.

a)

IFNalpha

b)

IFNBeta

c)

IFNgamma

d)

IL-12

e)

IRF3

20.

You are caring for a child with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and a history of frequent pyogenic infections. Blood smear is as pictured. This condition is most likely due to a defect in:

a)

Opsonization

b)

Lysosomal and vesicle trafficing

c)

Absence of TLRs

d)

Defective synthesis of ROS

e)

Defective synthesis of proteolytic enzymes

21.

Binding of viral components to TLRs most likely causes:

a)

Downregulation of class 1 MHC

b)

Increased antigen presentation to CD4+ cells

c)

Decreased apoptosis

d)

Augmentation of adaptive immune response

e)

Decreased TNFalpha secretion

22.

After 3 months of healing, the strength of skin is best described as:

a)

Normal

b)

90%

c)

70%

d)

50%

e)

10%

23.

Which of the following is MOST important for synthesis and deposition of CT proteins?

a)

IL-6

b)

TGFBeta

c)

VEGF

d)

EGF

e)

HGF

24.

Which of the following plats a critical role in repair and remodeling via clearing cell and ECM debris as well as secreting growth factors and cytokines to stimulate CT synthesis?

a)

Fibroblasts

b)

Neutrophils

c)

TIMPs

d)

Macrophages

e)

Stromal cells

25.

You are examining a patient and note significant swelling around his ankles. After aspirating the fluid, you determine it is protein poor, translucent, straw-colored, and not particularly tasty. This exam finding could be secondary to:

a)

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

b)

Increased plasma osmotic pressure

c)

Dehydration

d)

Lymphatic obstruction

26.

In primary hemostasis, subendothelial exposure of which of the following promotes platelet adherence?

a)

ADP

b)

vWF

c)

TXA2

d)

Tissue factor

e)

Fibrinogen

27.

Which of the following factors is not involved in the intrinsic pathway?

a)

VII

b)

VIII

c)

IX

d)

XI

e)

XII

28.

You are observing tumor cells under a microscope, which of the following findings is most indicative of a malignancy?

a)

Well-differentiated cells

b)

Cells resemble adjacent parenchyma

c)

Pleomorphism

d)

Localized growth of cohesive mass

e)

Surrounded by rim of compress fibrous tissue

29.

In terms of paraneoplastic syndromes, Cushing syndrome best falls into which group?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Hematologic

c)

Osteoarticular

d)

Cutaneous

e)

Neurologic

30.

Based on the pictured finding, you suspect that this patient has Burkitt's lympoma. This condition is most likely associated with:

a)

KRAS

b)

BCR-ABL

c)

KIT

d)

MYC

e)

HER