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WorksheetsFoundations Midterm
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
Which of the following is true regarding Watson and Crick's model of DNA?
N-glycosidic bonds between -OH groups of C3 on one sugar and C1 on another
N-glycosidic bonds form the backbone
3'-5' phosphodiester bonds between nitrogenous bases and C1 of sugars
5' end is phosphate group
Left handed helix
Based on Chargaff's rule, determine which of the following is true for ssDNA that is 20% A.
20% T
20% C
30% G
30% T
Not enough information
Which of the following structural modifications is important for the function of mRNA?
3' cap
3' acceptor end
Poly-A tail
Cloverleaf structure
High percentage of unusual bases
You are beginning a chemotherapy regimen on a patient using a drug that acts specifically to inhibit topoisomerase 1. What phase of the cell cycle is this drug MOST active?
G1
G2
S
M
Cell cycle nonspecific
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding short segments of parental duplex DNA?
Primase
Topoisomerase II
Helicase
Ligase
Gyrase
Which of the following is true regarding telomerase?
Active in somatic cells
Similar to enzyme found in retroviruses
Synthesizes in the 3'-5' direction
Extends 5' end of DNA
Acts as an exonuclease in DNA repair
Which of the following best describes a mutation that results in a stop codon?
Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Inversion
Insertion
Which of the following point mutations is an example of transition?
A to T
A to G
A to C
T to G
T to A
Which of the following represents an endogenous source of DNA damage?
Ionizing radiation
Hydrocarbon exposure
ROS
Chemotherapy
Tautomeric shift
alpha-Amantin leads to death within 10 days for 10-20% of people. This is most directly due to:
Inability to synthesize mRNA
Inability to synthesize tRNA
Inability to synthesize rRNA
Inability to form ribosomes
Inability to synthesize rRNA and form ribosomes
Which of the following antibiotics acts most directly to inhibit translocation?
Streptomycin
Tetracycline
Puromycin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
A single amino acid may be associated with more than one codon. This is an example of how the genetic code is:
Specific
Universal
Degenerative
Continuous
Non-overlapping
When glucose and lactose are present, the lac operon is best described as:
Operon repressed
On
Operon uninduced
Initiating transcription
A protein possessing multiple isoforms is best understood as an example of:
Alternative splicing
Alternative polyadenylation
mRNA editing
mRNA stability
RNA interference
Which of the following will result in increased gene expression?
Histone deacetylation
DNA methylation
Chromatin condensation
Production of miRNAs
Decreased (+) charge of the histone
In humans, glucose primarily exists as:
An optically inactive chain
Levorotary
a-D-glucose
B-D-glucose
Furan ring
D-Glucose and D-fructose are:
Isomers
Pentoses
Aldoses
Epimers
Enantiomers
Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
B-D-glucopyranose
a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-B-D-fructofuranose
a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,6)-B-D-glucopyranose
B-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-B-D-glucopyranose
B-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-a-D-glucopyranose
Macrophages secrete ________ in response to ingested microorganisms that they cannot kill intracellularly.
IFNalpha
IFNBeta
IFNgamma
IL-12
IRF3
You are caring for a child with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and a history of frequent pyogenic infections. Blood smear is as pictured. This condition is most likely due to a defect in:
Opsonization
Lysosomal and vesicle trafficing
Absence of TLRs
Defective synthesis of ROS
Defective synthesis of proteolytic enzymes
Binding of viral components to TLRs most likely causes:
Downregulation of class 1 MHC
Increased antigen presentation to CD4+ cells
Decreased apoptosis
Augmentation of adaptive immune response
Decreased TNFalpha secretion
After 3 months of healing, the strength of skin is best described as:
Normal
90%
70%
50%
10%
Which of the following is MOST important for synthesis and deposition of CT proteins?
IL-6
TGFBeta
VEGF
EGF
HGF
Which of the following plats a critical role in repair and remodeling via clearing cell and ECM debris as well as secreting growth factors and cytokines to stimulate CT synthesis?
Fibroblasts
Neutrophils
TIMPs
Macrophages
Stromal cells
You are examining a patient and note significant swelling around his ankles. After aspirating the fluid, you determine it is protein poor, translucent, straw-colored, and not particularly tasty. This exam finding could be secondary to:
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Increased plasma osmotic pressure
Dehydration
Lymphatic obstruction
In primary hemostasis, subendothelial exposure of which of the following promotes platelet adherence?
ADP
vWF
TXA2
Tissue factor
Fibrinogen
Which of the following factors is not involved in the intrinsic pathway?
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
You are observing tumor cells under a microscope, which of the following findings is most indicative of a malignancy?
Well-differentiated cells
Cells resemble adjacent parenchyma
Pleomorphism
Localized growth of cohesive mass
Surrounded by rim of compress fibrous tissue
In terms of paraneoplastic syndromes, Cushing syndrome best falls into which group?
Endocrine
Hematologic
Osteoarticular
Cutaneous
Neurologic
Based on the pictured finding, you suspect that this patient has Burkitt's lympoma. This condition is most likely associated with:
KRAS
BCR-ABL
KIT
MYC
HER
