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WorksheetsBIOLOGY I REVISION
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?
cellulose, amino acids
DNA, nucleotides
RNA, ribose
collagen, nucleic acids
DNA differs from RNA because DNA
contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.
contains thymine in place of uracil.
contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose.
consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.
Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
Monomers are joined together by the process of dehydration.
Sucrose is formed
when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.
from two monosaccharides through hydrolysis synthesis.
when glucose and fructose are combined.
from two glucose molecules.
Which of the following is an amino group?
-CO
-NH2
-COOH
-OH
Proteins cannot be denatured by
changes in salt concentration.
freezing.
heat.
changes in pH.
Peptide bonds
link amino acids.
form between fatty acids.
are formed by a hydrolysis reaction.
are used to form amino acids.
Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?
the shape of the protein
the number of amino acids in the protein
the function of the protein
the binding properties of the protein
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
glycogen . . . starch
cellulose . . . glycogen
starch . . . glycogen
glycogen . . . cellulose
A phospholipid is composed of
one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups.
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called
phosphorylation.
ionization.
hydrogenation.
carboxylation.
Most of a cell's enzymes are
carbohydrates.
proteins.
lipids.
amino acids.
Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely
have no effect on the cell.
force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
result in cell death.
force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
The active site of an enzyme is
the region of a substrate that is changed by an enzyme.
the region of a product that detaches from the enzyme.
the highly changeable portion of an enzyme that adapts to fit the substrates of various reactions.
the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
An energy barrier
is the amount of energy that must be produced by the reactants to end a chemical reaction.
prevents the spontaneous breakdown of molecules in the cell.
can only be overcome with the use of enzymes.
is higher than the activation energy of a reaction.
What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds.
In exergonic reactions, the reactants have less chemical energy than the products; in endergonic reactions, the opposite is true.
Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.
Exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve covalent bonds.
ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because
endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the formation of ATP from ADP.
endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP.
ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell.
ATP is the most energy-rich small molecule in the cell.
Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
must be made by the ribosomes.
is made in the nucleolus.
carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
The central vacuole of a plant cell may contract
The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
Plasma membranes are permeable to
small ions such as Na+.
large hydrophilic molecules such as starch.
hydrophilic molecules such as glucose.
nonpolar and small molecules such as CO2.
Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false?
Plant cell walls are multilayered structures.
Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls.
Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins.
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.
centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles
chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus
centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls
The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
ribosomes and steroid hormones.
mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.
hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
The nucleus of a cell
is the primary location of protein synthesis.
is contained within the nucleolus.
is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
is surrounded by a double layer of membrane.
The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.
cristae
cisternae
matrix
intermembrane space
Heating inactivates enzymes by
changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape.
breaking the peptide bonds that hold the molecule together.
removing phosphate groups from the enzyme.
causing enzyme molecules to stick together.
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
transport proteins; down
transport proteins; against
energy and transport proteins; against
energy and transport proteins; down
Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
CO2
a small, nonpolar molecule such as butane (C4H10)
O2
Na+
Which of the following statements is true for all types of passive transport?
Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane.
Ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport.
Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane.
The concentration gradient is the driving force.
The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is
phagocytosis.
receptor-mediated endocytosis.
osmosis.
pinocytosis.
Osmosis can be defined as
the diffusion of water.
the diffusion of nonpolar molecules.
active transport.
the diffusion of a solute.
During redox reactions,
protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction.
a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized.
Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.
is gas exchange . . . produces ATP
uses glucose . . . produces glucose
produces glucose . . . produces oxygen
produces ATP . . . is gas exchange
Cyanide differs from dinitrophenol in that
cyanide inhibits the production of ATP by inhibiting ATP synthase, while dinitrophenol causes mitochondrial membranes to become less permeable to H+ ions.
cyanide is highly toxic to human cells, while dinitrophenol is nontoxic.
cyanide makes the membrane of mitochondria leaky to H+ ions and prevents a concentration gradient from building up, while dinitrophenol blocks the passage of electrons through electron carriers.
cyanide is an electron transport blocker, while dinitrophenol makes the membrane of the mitochondrion leaky to H+ ions.
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
a molecule of carbon dioxide.
ADP.
a molecule of water.
an oxygen atom.
