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WorksheetsUnit 1 - Topics 1.2-1.6 - Period 1 - 1491-1607.APUSH
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins
The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadors can be described as
leaving little of Spanish culture.
at times brutal and exploitative.
firm but fair.
scornful of intermarriage.
The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they
were victorious over the Muslims.
returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents.
succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians.
brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk.
Which of the following characteristics did traditional European, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?
In all of these societies, serfdom prevailed.
All of these societies punished heresies harshly.
Each was a hierarchal society in which authority came from above.
Each culture maintained a matrilineal inheritance system.
By the mid-1500s, Spain’s main goal in North America was to
discover new Indian kingdoms that could be conquered and exploited.
maintain its dominance and power in the region.
establish colonies of settlement along the Atlantic coast.
control the fur trade of the North American interior.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in West Africa looking for ___________________________.
Gold
Goods
Salt
Slaves
European explorers introduced ___ into the New World.
syphilis
small pox
tobacco
maize
"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies. But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. Meanwhile, successes in the new World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well...Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed...The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the in-up in prices." (A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992.)Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent MacDougall's argument above?
During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians
The large-scale migration of Spanish peasants to the new World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy
Spanish conquest of the New World led Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe
the successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself
“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium.
Which of the following was a direct effect of the situation described in the excerpt?
By 1491, Native Americans had established facilities for
manufacturing steel weapons.
European populations were decimated by the introduction of the smallpox microbe from North America
European settlements pushed Native American tribes
further and further west.
A group of northeastern Indian tribes formed a powerful
confederation that was able to successfully resist European encroachment until 1800.
“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium.
The excerpt could serve as evidence to support the argument that
new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
Indian labor in the economies of Spanish colonies was
gradually replaced by African slavery.
native societies responded to the lack of natural resource in the western Great Plains by developing nomadic lifestyles.
European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange.
“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O...
At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.”
--‘Return to Roanoake’
John White, 1590
The settlement described in the excerpt above was significant because it was the first
permanent Spanish settlement in the modern-day US
fortified French settlement in modern-day Canada
attempt at an English colony in the New World
Dutch trading post established in New Amsterdam
“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O...
At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.”
--‘Return to Roanoake’
John White, 1590
The excerpt provides evidence to support the argument that
European settlements in the Americas met with immediate
economic and political success.
early contacts between Native Americans and Europeans
were entirely negative.
Europeans considered Native American societies to be highly civilized.
Europeans were poorly prepared to deal with the realities of constructing settlements in the Americas.
“...The Brafferton Indian School in at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia... was established so ‘that the Christian faith may be propagated amongst the western Indians, to the glory of almighty God...’ The hope on the part of the founders was that the students would return to their nations and act as agents of ‘civilization’ and Christianization amongst their people.
The English had trouble filling the school. As one Iroquois chief politely noted, ‘We must let you know, we love our children too well, to send them so great a way, . . . We allow it to be good, and we thank you for the invitation; but our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us.’ Nevertheless, Mattaponis, Pamunkeys, Chickahominys, Nansemonds, and others did attend. Evidence indicates that some tribes sent children for a specific purpose. While the English hoped to create agents for conversion and change amongst the American Indians, the Indians hoped to develop go-betweens or mediators between their people and their white neighbors.”
--“the Colonial Virginia Frontier and
International Native American Diplomacy”
William White, published 2011
The excerpt demonstrates which of the following continuities in American History between the 15th and early 20th centuries?
European territorial displacement of Native Americans
violations of treaties with Native Americans
efforts to promote the autonomy of minority groups
efforts to assimilate minority groups
“This western discovery will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound... Then it is necessary for the salvation of those poor people who have sat so long in darkness and in the shadow of death that preachers should be sent unto them. . . . Now the means to send such as shall labor effectually in this business is by planting one or two colonies of our nation upon that firm [land], where they may remain in safety, and first learn the language of the people near adjoining... and by little and little acquaint themselves with their manner and so with discretion and mildness distill into their purged minds the sweet and lively lines of the gospel: Otherwise for preachers to run unto them rashly without some such preparation for their safety, it [might lead to] their apparent and certain destruction...”
--Discourse of Western Planting
Richard Hakluyt, 1584
The excerpt above provides support for the argument that
the introduction of new crops and livestock by the
Spanish had far-reaching effects on economic, social, and political development in the Western Hemisphere.
European exploration and conquest were fueled by a
desire for new sources of wealth, increased power and status, and converts to Christianity.
new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
in spite of slavery, Africans’ cultural adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of cultural preservation and autonomy.
“...We are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ... It is by a mutual consent, through a special overvaluing providence and a more than an ordinary approbation of the churches of Christ, to seek out a place of cohabitation and consortship under a due form of government both civil and ecclesiastical. In such cases as this, the care of the public must oversway all private respects... For it is a true rule that particular estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the public.
We see [our goals as] extraordinary, therefore we must not content ourselves with usual ordinary means. Whatsoever we did, or ought to have done, when we lived in England, the same must we do, and more also, where we go. That which the most in their churches maintain as truth in profession only, we must bring into familiar and constant practice... We must bear one another’s burdens. We must not look only on our own things, but also on the things of our brethren.”
--A Model of Christian Charity
John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630
Winthrop’s point of view reflects the:
differences in motives for settling the New England colonies and colonies further to the south.
influence of European Enlightenment ideas regarding
religious toleration.
similarity of motives for the establishment of all thirteen British colonies.
motives of early settlers in the Chesapeake Bay colonies.
Columbian Exchange & Impact
Named after Christopher Columbus, it exchanged many different things like plants, animals, culture, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and New World in the 15th and 16th century.
Was a trade network to the Americas bringing new plants, diseases that wiped out many Native Americans, they also brought animals like horses that made a huge difference, and technologies like guns giving Europeans the advantage.
Crops like corn and potatoes that helped end the famines back in the old world.
An exchange for gold, god, and glory.
The Three G's of exploring the Americas were:
God
Growth
Glory
Gold
A mestizo is:
A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and Native American descent.
A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and African descent.
A human of mixed race, especially one having Spanish and American descent.
The system was a Spanish labor system that allowed the government to give Indians to colonists in return for the word to try and convert them to Christianity.
Economic System
Encomienda system
Mercantilism
Capitalism
It is a system that a country uses to make themselves richer by exporting more than it is importing.
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Columbian Exchange
Communism
Germanic invasions added to the end of the Roman Empire. This helped lead to the development of
polytheism
capitalism
feudalism
Roman Republic
