Stereotypes-- Teachers don't have lives."My best friend said her English class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard too. All English classes must be hard."

Also known as fale cause or cause/effect fallacy

Assuming that because B comes after A, A causes B: correlation is not the same thing as causation

Joey's refrigerator broke after Rachel moved in; therefore, Rachel caused Joey's refrigerator to break.

When the arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's not enough evidence for that assumption.

Example:"If you don't bring a pencil to class... you will end up sad and alone in life."

An argument that relies on an analogy between two or more objects, ideas, or situations, which aren't really alike in the relevant areas.

Substituting a person's actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument. The speaker ignores the actual position of his or her opponent, misrepresents their position, and then attacks that made up position instead of the actual position.

When an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry. This type of fallacy uses the audience's sympathy, concern, or guilt in order to overwhelm the audience's sense of logic.

Also known as "Appeal to Ignorance"

A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness.

The argument that a claim is true or false just because an assumed authority says so.

Also known as "Either/Or Fallacy" or "False Dilemma"

The arguer sets up the situation so it looks like there are only two choices, when there actually more possibilities.

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

Also known as Circular Reasoning

Attacking an opponent's character or personal traits to undermine their argument.

Brandon: We should have tastier lunches!

Jaylen: Don't listen to him! He's a terrible person! I saw him trip another student and steal his lunch money!

Engaging in criticism by turning it back on the accuser. Answering criticism with criticism.

Appealing to the fact that many people believe something as an attempted form of validation.

Example: Matthew: Everyone believes that teachers get paid enough for the job they do. Therefore, it must be true.

Presuming that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that the conclusion is necessarily wrong.

Asking a question that has a presumption built into it so that it can't be answered without appearing guilty.

Example:

Fred, do you still cheat on your girlfriend?

when a writer or speaker intentionally misleads the audience by using a word with a double or ambiguous meaning.

All stars are exploding balls of gas.

Miley Cyrus is a star.

Therefore, Miley Cyrus is an exploding ball of gas