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WorksheetsChapter 2 Study Guide
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Which two types of particles are present in equal numbers in an atom, but not in an ion?
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
inner-shell electrons and outter-shell electrons
protons and inner-shell electrons
The elements sodium and chlorine react to form the chemical compound sodium chloride. How would you predict the properties of sodium chloride compare with those of its constituent elements?
very different
similar in most ways, but not identical
identical in all ways
an average or mixture of the two elements
Household bleach has a pH between 12 and 13. From this information, which of the following BEST describes the bleach solution?
The solution is acidic, meaning it has more hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide (OH–) ions.
The solution is basic, meaning it has fewer hydrogen (H+) ions than hydroxide (OH–) ions.
The solution is neutral, meaning it has an equal number of hydrogen (H+) ions and hydroxide (OH–) ions.
The solution is a buffer that reacts with solutions containing high concentrations of hydrogen (H+) ions.
The diagram shows the structure of starch, a complex carbohydrate.
What best describes the relationship between starch and glucose?
Starch and glucose are reactants that combine to form proteins.
Starch is a monomer that is used to make glucose.
Starch is a polymer made of glucose monomers.
Starch and glucose are reactants that combine to form nucleic acids.
The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid.
Several different amino acids join together to form a protein. How do any two types of amino acids differ from one another?
the number of amino groups in the molecule
the number of carboxyl groups in the molecule
the chemical structure of the R group in the molecule
the number of chemical bonds formed by the central carbon atom
In a chemical reaction, which event ALWAYS occurs as the reaction proceeds?
the rearrangement of electrons to break or form chemical bonds
the release of energy to the environment
the absorption of energy from the environment
a change in total mass
What is the effect of an enzyme on the energy of a chemical reaction?
Enzymes increase the free energy of the products.
Enzymes decrease the free energy of the reactants.
Enzymes decrease the difference in energy between products and reactants.
Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
Which type of macromolecule has the function of storing and transmitting hereditary or genetic information?
lipid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
protein
Human blood has a pH of 7.4. How do buffers in the blood affect the pH?
Buffers are acids that cause the pH of blood to decrease.
Buffers are bases that cause the pH of blood to increase.
Buffers prevent small amounts of acid or base from changing the pH of blood.
Buffers are catalysts that prevent chemical reactions from changing the pH of blood.
Water covers most of Earth’s surface. The diagram shows the structure of a water molecule.
What allows the three atoms in a water molecule to stay together?
covalent bonds formed by shared electrons between atoms
covalent bonds formed by electrons that transfer between atoms
ionic bonds formed by electrons that transfer between atoms
hydrogen bonds formed only by the electrons of the hydrogen atoms
What event changes an atom into an ion?
the sharing of electrons with another atom
the gain or loss of one or more electrons
the gain or loss of one or more neutrons
a chemical reaction that forms a molecule
A scientist is studying two isotopes of sodium, labeled A and B. In Isotope A, each of the atoms has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What could be the atomic structure of Isotope B?
11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons
12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons
11 protons, 13 neutrons, and 11 electrons
11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 12 electrons
Hobie draws the following model of a carbon atom.
Which change to the model would improve its accuracy?
Move each neutron so it is next to a proton.
Move the protons and neutrons to a small space in the center.
Move the protons and electrons to a small space in the center.
Move all of the particles so that they are evenly spaced.
What changes during a chemical reaction between two compounds?
total mass
total energy
number of atoms
chemical bonds
What type of macromolecule regulates cell processes or transports material into and out of cells?
carbohydrates
nucelic acids
proteins
lipids
Which are the catalysts of reactions in living things?
substrates
enzymes
lipids
carbohydrates
Which type of bond holds two or more water molecules together, as shown?
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
van der Waals forces
covalent bonds
In the atom, which particles are in constant motion around the nucleus?
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and neutrons
What are produced when a base is mixed with water?
hydrogen ions
hydroxide ions
oxygen atoms
oxygen ions
Carbohydrates may form larger carbon-based macromolecules by combining with which elements?
sodium, potassium, nitrogen
nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
potassium, sodium, sulfur
silicon, phosphorus, sodium
