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WorksheetsStructure of the Earth 2019 Review
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 2hrs 53mins
Four positions of Earth in its orbit are labeled A, B, C, and D. Letter N represents the North Pole. Distances are indicated for aphelion (Earth's farthest position from the Sun around July 4) and perihelion (Earth's closest position to the Sun around January 3). Arrows indicate directions of movement. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth at aphelion?
Winter
Summer
Spring
Fall
Between which pair of lettered positions is the Sun's vertical ray moving from the equator southward to the Tropic of Capricorn? **hint your ESRT has Tropic of Capricorn labelled**
A and B
B and C
C and D
D and A
Approximately how many times does Earth rotate as it moves in its orbit from position A back to position A?
1
15
24
365
What is the tilt of Earth's rotational axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit?
15°
23.5°
66.5°
90°
The pie graph below shows the elements comprising Earth's crust in percent by mass. Which element is represented by the letter X?
silicon
lead
nitrogen
hydrogen
Which graph best represents the percentage by mass of elements of Earth's crust?
What is the approximate location of the Tasman Hot Spot in the Pacific Ocean?
36° N 160° W
36° S 160° E
160° N 36° W
160° S 36° E
Which event is caused by Earth's revolution?
the apparent shift in the path of a Foucault pendulum
deflection of planetary winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere
the apparent rising and setting of the Sun
different constellations observed in the night sky throughout the year
The diagram shows twelve constellations (la constelación) that are visible in the night sky to an observer in New York, over the course of a year. Different positions of Earth are represented by letters A through D. The arrows represent the direction of Earth's motion around the Sun.
Which constellations are both visible at midnight to an observer in New York when Earth is located at position D?
Aries and Taurus
Pisces and Libra
Leo and Virgo
Aquarius and Scorpio
The constellations observed from New York when Earth is at position A are different from the constellations observed when Earth is at position C because..
Earth moves in its orbit
Earth is tilted on its axis
the lengths of day and night are different
the stars move around Earth as shown by star trails
The map below shows four major time zones of the United States. The locations of Boston and San Diego are shown
What is the time in Boston when it is 11 a.m. in San Diego?
8 a.m.
2 p.m.
3 p.m.
noon
The United States time zone map is shown. The dashed lines represent meridians (lines of longitude).
If the time in Buffalo, New York, is 5 a.m., what time would it be in San Francisco, California?
8 a.m.
2 a.m.
3 a.m.
4 a.m.
The basis for the time difference between adjoining time zones is Earth's... (La base de la diferencia horaria entre las zonas horarias adyacentes es la)
1° per hour rate of revolution
1° per hour rate of rotation
15° per hour rate of revolution
15° per hour rate of rotation
What are the approximate latitude and longitude of point A?
15° S 20° W
15° S 20° E
15° N 20° W
15° N 20° E
From which measurement could the circumference of the Earth be determined?
¿A partir de qué medida podría determinarse la circunferencia de la Tierra?
the Sun's altitude at noon from two different locations at the same longitude
the altitude of Polaris at midnight above the northern horizon from one location
the period of a Foucault pendulum at two different locations
gravity at the poles and at the Equator
The angle of the star Polaris above the northern horizon can be used to determine an observer's
(El ángulo de la estrella Polaris por encima del horizonte norte se puede utilizar para determinar la)
Latitude
Longitude
Solar Noon
Local Time
As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, the altitude of Polaris measured from the ship is 50°. What is the ship’s location?
0° latitude 50° east longitude B) C) D)
0° latitude 50° west longitude
50° north latitude 0° longitude
50° south latitude 0° longitude
When the time of day for a certain ship at sea is 12 noon, the time of day at the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) is 5 p.m. What is the ship’s longitude?
45° W
45° E
75° W
75° E
The diagram represents the position of the Sun with respect to Earth's surface at solar noon on certain dates. The latitudes of six locations on the same line of longitude are shown. The observer is located at 42° N in New York State. The date for the Sun at position A has been deliberately left blank.
At which New York State location could the observer be located?
Plattsburgh
New York City
Mount Marcy
Slide Mountain
When the Sun is at position A, which latitude receives the most direct rays of the Sun?
ESRT can help!
Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)
Equator (0°)
Antarctic Circle (66.5° S)
What type of energy transfer is indicated by the arrows in the diagram?
conduction
convection
radiation
insolation
What primary source of energy causes the Earth's atmosphere to move in a manner similar to the motion of the water in the beaker?
the moon
the sun
ocean currents
tides
As water moves from A to F to B the water's kinetic energy will generally
decrease
increase
remains the same
During which process of energy exchange does cold air displace warmer air?
absorption (la absorción)
conduction (conducción)
convection (convección)
radiation (radiación)
Which statement is the best example of heat energy transfer by conduction?
Heat energy is transferred from the bottom to the top of a lake.
Heat energy is transferred from the surface soil to the rocks below.
Heat energy is transferred from the Earth's surface to the upper atmosphere.
Heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth
Which term is best defined as a measure of the amount of space a substance occupies?
mass
volume
density
weight
Which zone of the Earth has the greatest density?
Crust
mantle
inner core
outer core
What is the approximate temperature at the mantle-outer core boundary?
1,500°C
4,500°C
5,000ºC
7,000ºC
Which two zones of the Earth's interior are represented in the diagram?
mantle and outer core
crust and outer core
crust and mantle
outer core and inner core
The inferred average density of the rock in the region around point B is most likely
2.7 g/cm3
3.5 g/cm3
9.2 g/cm3
11.5 g/cm3
How many joules of heat energy must be added to 5 grams of liquid water to change its temperature from 10°C to 30°C?
83.6 joules
100 joules
312.6 joules
418 joules
What was the temperature of the water 20 minutes after heating began?
70°C
100°C
110°C
150°C
The graph below which shows the results of a laboratory activity in which a sample of ice at –50°C was heated at a uniform rate for 80 minutes. The ice has a mass of 200 grams. Which change could shorten the time needed to melt the ice completely?
using colder ice
stirring the sample more slowly
reducing the initial sample to 100 grams of ice
reducing the number of temperature readings taken
What was the total amount of energy absorbed by the sample during the time between points B and C on the graph?
334 joules
9,124 joules
26,720 joules
66,800 joules
During which interval of the graph is a phase change occurring?
A)
A to B
E to F
C to D
D to E
