The microbes that colonize humans are collectively referred to as the:

More than 2% of microbes are pathogenic.

Microbes that only cause disease under certain circumstances are called:

Bacteria responsible for the creation and maintenance of atmospheric oxygen:

Bacteria are alive:

Groups of identical cells that grow from a single bacterial cell.

Layers of microbial cells that stick to surfaces and each other.

Quorum sensing is:

Bacterial signal proteins released into the environment for communication with other bacterial cells.

When bacterial population size ______, autoinducer concentration _______.

Different species of bacteria can communicate with one another using autoinducers.

Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes contain:

Organization trying to characterize and analyze the role of microbes in human health and disease:

Analysis of mixed DNA from a microbiome sample used to identify species and common genes.

Which of the following areas is considered a common microbiome (choose all that apply):

Each person has a common core of microbes and a unique set that is determined by your environment and your biochemistry​.

The two major phyla of bacteria in the microbiome are:

The gut microbiome trains what type of immune cells:

Macrophages are immune cells that:

Natural killer cells are immune cells that:

Some bacteria release _________, poisons that specifically target neurons.

A disbalance in the microbiome that affects homeostasis is called:

Any compound that stimulates the growth of beneficial microorganisms​:

Non-digestible carbohydrates (nonliving) that serve as food for normal healthy bacteria​:

Drugs that destroy or inhibit bacterial growth:

Antibiotic resistance is caused by:

Antibiotic resistance can cause new strains of bacteria:

Human immune cells secrete ___________ that target microbial ____________.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the gut microbiome that helps maintain homeostasis?

Upregulation of virulent genes by bacteria occurs:

Probiotics should (choose all that apply):