One of the greatest problems for settlers in Nebraska in the last quarter of the century was fuel. Little of the state was forested when the first settlers arrived, and it is probable that, by 1880, only about one-third of the originally forested area remained, down to a mere one percent of the state’s 77,000 square miles. With wood and coal out of the question, and with fuel needed year round for cooking—and during the harsh winters for heating—some solution had to be found.

Somewhat improbable, the buffalo provided the answer. Buffalo chips were found to burn evenly, hotly, and cleanly, with little smoke and, interestingly, no odor. Soon, collecting them became a way of life for the settlers’ children who would pick them up on the way to and from

local schools, or take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance. Indeed, even a young man seeking to impress the girl he wanted to marry would arrive with a large bag of chips rather than with an enticing box of candy or an attractive bunch of flowers.

According to the passage, how much of Nebraska was forested when the first settlers arrived?

Horace Pippin, as an African-American soldier during World War I, was wounded in his right arm. He discovered, however, that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could paint and draw. Pippin was not trained, but his artistic sensitivity and intuitive feel for two-dimensional design and the arrangement of color and patterns made him one of the finest primitive artists America has produced.

Pippin did a series of paintings on the abolitionist John Brown and one of his war experiences, but he shied away from social issues for the most part and achieved his greatest success with scenes of the people and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania. His Domino Players, featuring four women gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an excellent example of his rural domestic scenes.

According to the passage, which of the following is

NOT true about primitive art?

Horace Pippin, as an African-American soldier during World War I, was wounded in his right arm. He

discovered, however, that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could paint and draw. Pippin was not trained, but his artistic sensitivity and intuitive feel for two-dimensional design and the arrangement of color and patterns made him one of the finest primitive artists America has produced.

Pippin did a series of paintings on the abolitionist John Brown and one of his war experiences, but he shied away from social issues for the most part and achieved his greatest success with scenes of the people and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania. His Domino Players, featuring four women gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an excellent example of his rural domestic scenes.

Horace Pippin discovered he could paint and draw

Horace Pippin, as an African-American soldier during World War I, was wounded in his right arm. He

discovered, however, that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could paint and draw. Pippin

was not trained, but his artistic sensitivity and intuitive feel for two-dimensional design and the arrangement

of color and patterns made him one of the finest primitive artists America has produced.

Pippin did a series of paintings on the abolitionist John Brown and one of his war experiences, but he

shied away from social issues for the most part and achieved his greatest success with scenes of the people

and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania. His Domino Players, featuring four women

gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an excellent example of his rural domestic

scenes.

It may be inferred from the passage that Pippin

Weather reporters have to give out a lot of information. That's why they use pictures. The pictures help them tell us about the weather without using so many words. Weather reporters need to know where the cold air is. They need to know where the warm air is. They have to know where it is raining and what types of clouds are in the area. Their reports need to be correct, but they also need to be short. The pictures help weather reporters get the information out in a fast way.

Which sentence best describes the main idea of the paragraph?

Morotai Island is located north of the larger island of halmahera in the province of North Maluku, the island of Morotai has a number of great beaches and interesting diving spots. The largest town here is Daruba in the south. To Morotai’s north are the Philippines, to its east the Pacific Ocean. Not much remains to be seen from those hectic World War II days, except for a number of interesting wrecks to be explored underwater.

Nearby at Kao Bay in Halmahera a half-submerged Japanese wreck named the Tosimaru can still be seen from shore. A shack filled with memorabilia of World War II collected by a private citizen and known as the Morotai Museum can be visited to remind visitors of those terrible war days, which will hopefully never occur again on this planet.

The island itself with a total population of 53,000 people is now back to its routine as sleepy tropical paradise. Nevertheless, its decisive role in World War II is forever etched in history books.Now the government plans to make Morotai into an economic hub and gateway into Indonesia from the Pacific Ocean. Morotai will be developed as a fishery, tourist, trade and services center.The island of Morotai has now been designated as one of Indonesia’s Top Priority Tourist Destination for intense resort development.

On the first paragraph, the writer describes about ... .

Jellyfish are not really fish. They are invertebrate animals. This means that unlike fish or people, they have no backbones. In fact, they have no bones at all.

Jellyfish have stomachs and mouths, but no heads. They have nervous systems for sensing the world around them, but no brains. They are made almost entirely of water, which is why you can look through them.

Some jellyfish can glow in darkness by making their own light. The light is made by a chemical reaction inside the jellyfish. Scientists believe jellyfish glow for several reasons. For example, they may glow to scare away predators or to attract animals they like to eat.

Most jellyfish live in salt water, apart from a few types that live in fresh water. Jellyfish are found in oceans and seas all over the world. They live in warm, tropical seas and in icy waters near the North and South poles.

Which one creates jellyfish's light?

Read the passage below and answer the question !

Generation Unlimited is a multi-stakeholder initiative that aims to ensure all young people are in school, training or employment by 2030. It will focus on skills for learning, employment and empowerment, especially for girls. Young people will be central to every aspect of this initiative.

(Source: https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19234.doc.htm)

From the text above, we know that ...

Read the paragraph below !

There are two main types of alpacas, the huacaya and the suri (sometimes spelled suriya depending on where you are). The main difference between the two is price and appearance. Huacayas are more common which makes them cheaper to buy. They are also easier to take care of because their coats require less maintenance. Suris are more expensive due to their rarity and the fact that their wool can be sold for more because it is more luxurious and thicker. Their coats require more daily maintenance.

(Source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca)

The paragraph talks about ...

Read the text below and answer the question !

As a South Korean ferry came to a shuddering halt and rapidly began to sink, some of those on board sent harrowing text messages to their loved ones.

With almost 300 people still unaccounted for one day after the accident, reports of desperate text messages from some of those trapped on board have surfaced in local media.

"This might be the last chance to say I love you," one student named as Shin Young-Jin is reported to have texted his mother.

"Why's that," his mother texted back, clearly unaware of the crisis engulfing the vessel. "I love you anyway."

According to the Korea Herald, he was among the 179 people rescued from the ship so far.

(Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27045924)

The underlined words mean ...

Many people think of gorillas as dangerous killers. One reason for this is that television and movies often show these animals this way.

But gorillas are really gentle animals. The gorilla is a vegetarian. It lives in the African rain forests where it finds the fruits and plants it needs to survive. A large, wild gorilla might eat over 40 pounds of leaves and fruit in one day.

Unfortunately, these peaceful creatures are in danger of becoming extinct. Each year, large areas of the rain forests are being cut down. Because there is less and less food from these forests, the number of wild gorillas is becoming smaller and smaller.

The passage describes gorillas as being:

Precipitation, commonly referred to as rainfall, is a measure of the quantity of water in the form of either rain, hail, or snow which reaches the ground. The average annual precipi- tation over the whole of the United States is thirty-six inches. It should be understood however, that a foot of snow is not equal to a foot of precipitation. A general formula for

Line (5) computing the precipitation of snowfall is that ten inches of snow is equal to one inch of pre- cipitation. In New York State, for example, twenty inches of snow in one year would be recorded as only two inches of precipitation. Forty inches of rain would be recorded as forty inches of precipitation. The total annual precipitation would be recorded as forty-two inches. The amount of precipitation is a combined result of several factors, including location,

Line (10) altitude, proximity to the sea, and the direction of prevailing winds. Most of the precipitation in the United States is brought originally by prevailing winds from the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Great Lakes. Because these prevailing winds generally come from the West, the Pacific Coast receives more annual precipitation than the Atlantic Coast. Along the Pacific Coast itself, however, altitude causes some diversity in rain-

Line (15) fall. The mountain ranges of the United States, especially the Rocky Mountain Range and the Appalachian Mountain Range, influence the amount of precipitation in their areas. East of the Rocky Mountains, the annual precipitation decreases substantially from that west of the Rocky Mountains. The precipitation north of the Appalachian Mountains is about 40 percent

less than that south of the Appalachian Mountains.

What does this passage mainly discuss?

Course numbers are an indication of which courses are open to various categories of stu- dents at the University. Undergraduate courses with the numbers 100 or 200 are generally intro- ductory courses appropriate for freshmen or sophomores, whereas courses with the numbers 300 or 400 often have prerequisites and are open to juniors and seniors only. Courses with the

Line (5) numbers 800 or above are open only to graduate students. Certain graduate courses, generally those devoted to introductory material, are numbered 400 for undergraduate students who qualify to take them and 600 for graduate students. Courses designed for students seeking a professional degree carry a 500 number for undergraduate students and a 700 number for graduate students. Courses numbered 99 or below are special interest courses that do not carry

Line (10) number of hours needed to complete graduation requirements.

A full-time undergraduate student is expected to take courses that total twelve to eight-

een credit hours. A full-time graduate student is expected to take courses that total ten to

sixteen credit hours. Students holding assistantships are expected to enroll for proportionately

Line (15) fewer hours. A part-time graduate student may register for a minimum of three credit hours.

What is the purpose of the passage?

…..is the ancestor of most types of domestic ducks is well documented.

……. many improvements made to highways during the nineteenth century, but Americans continued to depend on water routes for transportation.

Swimming is a beneficial exercise, .....aerobic activity and uses a number of muscle groups.

Once upon a time, an old woman went to the riverside to wash clothes. She then found a peach on the river. She took it home to show her husband. At home, she tried to cut the peach in half, but suddenly a boy just came out. And they called the boy Momotaro. Momotaro grew up and became a powerful boy. But there were devils bothering the villagers and Momotaro decided to fight againts the devils on the devils' island. Momotaro's mom made special dumplings that can give a human being the power of 100 people. Momotaro took some dumplings with him and left. On the way, another fighter, a dog joined him because Momotaro gave them dumplings. A monkey and a bird also joined them on the way to the island. They traveled to the devils' islnad to fight with the biggest devil. On the islans they saw many devils waiting for them. When they met the biggest devil, the dog bit the devil's leg. The monkey scratched the back of the devil. The bird poked the devil in the eye. Together they beat all the devils. They got all the treasure the devils had. The devils also promised not to bothers the villagers again. They lived happily ever after.

What is the problem of the text above?

Uncle Tom's Cabin, ________ as a book in 1852, became a best seller in the United States and Great Britain.

Steamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John Molson built the first steamship in Canada(then called British North America) in 1809. By the 1830's dozens of steam vessels were in use in Canada. They offered the traveler reliable transportation in comfortable facilities-a welcome alternative to stagecoach travel, which at the best of timescould only be described as wretched. This commitment to dependable river transport became entrenched with the investment of millions of dollars for the improvement of waterways. which included the construction of canals and lock systems. The Lachine and Welland canals. two of the most important systems. were opened in 1825 and 1829, respectively. By the time that Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada in 1841. the public debt for canals was more than one hundred dollars per capita. an enormous sum for the time. But it may not seem such a great amount if we consider that improvements allowed steamboats to remain practical for most commercial transport in Canada until the mid-- nineteenth century.

The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following_______

As soon as everybody is happy with the _____, we will sign the papers

The first NASA sub-orbital space flight was made by _________

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus, if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans to a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

Bacteria are measured in_________

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

Which of the following is the smallest?

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometers) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.

From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see________

MICHAEL JORDAN

If you are a sports fan, you are sure to know the name Michael Jordan. He is probably the greatest basketball player the world has ever seen. Although his career as a player is over, his fame will live on for many years to come.

Michael Jordan certainly looks like a star. He is tall, well-built and handsome, with friendly brown eyes and a wide grin. He always manages to look well-dressed, even in his casual clothes or smart suits.

His personality, too, is as outstanding as his playing ability. Michael is a very determined person. This has made him a successful basketball star. He has given lots of money and support to charities.

All in all, Michael Jordan is not only a great athlete, but also a warm, caring person. Is it no wonder that so many boys have dreamed of growing up to be just like him?

What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

As soon as everybody is happy with the _____, we will sign the papers