This is the main means of mass communication

This is a plan an author uses to effectively deliver the message of a written work

This is to convince

This type of text attempts to convince a reader to adopt a particular opinion or course of action

This is an expression of an author's personal belief. It is not something that can be proven to be true or false.

This is the writer's or speaker's point of view about a particular subject, and is often influenced by their beliefs or by events in their lives

This is the most important idea of a reading passage

A presentation or report is called ____ if it incorporates components such as audio, video, and printed material

A way of communicating information

When something closely relates to a subject it is called ___ to the subject

This is a restatement of a written work in one's own words that keeps the basic meaning of the original work

a presentation is called _____ if it uses more than one kind of medium

A subtle difference in meaning

These are techniques used to convince. They include repetition sentence variety, understatement, and overstatement.

Understanding Story Sequence In the story below, pay particular attention to the order of events within the passage. There are many signal words that can indicate the order of events. Read the following entry and then order the events at the bottom of sheet with the numbers 1-6; based on sequence of events that took place.

Cameron the Relay Machine

Cameron was a star swimmer at Eldred High School. He had been swimming competitively since he was five years old. He was to swim in three events and one relay at the meet on Tuesday. As always, Cameron had his signature bowl of spaghetti and meatballs before preparing for the meet. He also always has a Rice Krispies bar immediately following his warm up routine. When he prepares for a meet, the first thing that he does is stretch his muscles and warm-up by running in place, immediately after stretching. Then, he does ten push-ups followed by a run up and down the bleachers. Cameron swam well. He placed first twice and got a third place in the 500 meter butterfly stroke. He truly dominated the relay getting his team a two lap lead by the time he got out of the water. Place the events in order (1 being first) by using 1-6:

____ Cameron ate a Rice Krispies bar.

____ Cameron ran up and down the bleachers.

____ He did pushups.

____ Cameron won his first swimming event.

____ Cameron ate meatballs and spaghetti.

____ He stretched his muscles.

After reading the passage put the events in sequential order

In the mid-1970’s, Walter Alvarez, a geologist, was studying Earth’s polarity. It had recently been learned that the orientation of the planet’s magnetic field reverses, so that every so often, in effect, south becomes north and vice versa. Alvarez and some colleagues had found that a certain formation of pinkish limestone in Italy, known as the scaglia rossa, recorded these occasional reversals. The limestone also contained the fossilized remains of millions of tiny sea creatures called foraminifera. Alvarez became interested in a thin layer of clay in the limestone that seemed to have been laid down around the end of the Cretaceous Period. Below the layer, certain species of foraminifera—or forams, for short—were preserved. In the clay layer, there were no forams. Above the layer, the earlier species disappeared and new forams appeared. Having been taught the uniformitarian view, which held that any apparent extinctions throughout geological time resulted from ‘the incompleteness of the fossil record’ rather than an actual extinction, Alvarez was not sure what to make of the lacuna in geological time corresponding to the missing foraminifera, because the change looked very abrupt.

Had Walter Alvarez not asked his father, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez, how long the clay had taken to deposit, the younger Alvarez may not have thought to use iridium, an element rarely found on earth but more plentiful in meteorites, to answer this question. Iridium, in the form of microscopic grains of cosmic dust, is constantly raining down on the planet. The Alvarezes reasoned that if the clay layer had taken a significant amount of time to deposit, it would contain detectable levels of iridium. The results were startling – far too much iridium had shown up. The Alvarez hypothesis, as it became known, was that everything – not just the clay layer, could be explained by a single event: a six-mile-wide asteroid had slammed into Earth—killing off not only the forams but the dinosaurs, and all the other organisms that went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period.

____ Iridium is constantly raining down on the planet

____ Alvarez was not sure about the change

____Alvarez became interested in a thin layer of clay

____ Alvarez found pinkish limestone

Read the article choose the correct sequential order

It’s hard to estimate exactly how many birds are dying due to habitat loss, or from other potential dangers such as pesticide use, the disappearance of insect prey, or climate change. Other threats are easier to quantify, and the biggest of these, by some margin, is domestic cats, which kill an estimated 2.4 billion birds every year. Window collisions claim 600 million bird lives a year, vehicles take out 214 million, power lines are responsible for killing 32 million, and the lights of industrial towers fatally distract about 6 million.

Wind turbines are often cited as a problem for birds, and while they should be placed carefully to protect migratory species, their effect is comparatively small; for every bird killed by a wind turbine, thousands are killed by a cat. The organizations behind the new study have compiled a list of seven personal actions that people can take to protect North America’s remaining birds:

1) Make windows safer with products that prevent collisions.

2) Keep cats indoors (or walk them on a leash).

3) Choose native plants instead of lawns, to offer food and resting places for migrants.

4) Avoid pesticides.

5) Choose bird-friendly, shade-grown coffee that’s grown on farms that preserve bird habitat.

6) Reduce the use of plastics, and especially single-use plastics.

7) Watch birds and report what you see to help scientists track the surviving populations.

Ultimately, it will take political will and action to refill the emptied skies—and there’s precedent for such reversals of fate. The number of raptors (hawks, eagles, and their kin) has doubled since the 1970s, thanks to a ban on the pesticide DDT and hunting restrictions imposed by the Endangered Species Act. At the same time, waterfowl such as ducks and geese have increased in number by 56 percent, after hunters lobbied for legislation to protect wetland areas. These success stories show that “when people band together and take action, it is possible to reverse population declines and bring species back from the brink,” Michel says. “Birds are down, but they’re not out. When you give them half a chance, they can recover.

____Wind Turbines are a problem with birds

____ Window collisions account for 600 million lives

____Water foul have increased in number by 56 percent

____Domestic cats kill 2.4 billion a year

Read the following information and select the right answer

Earth is heating up lately, but so are Mars, Pluto and other worlds in our solar system, leading some scientists to speculate that a change in the sun’s activity is the common thread linking all these baking events.

Others argue that such claims are misleading and create the false impression that rapid global warming, as Earth is experiencing, is a natural phenomenon.

While evidence suggests fluctuations in solar activity can affect climate on Earth, and that it has done so in the past, the majority of climate scientists and astrophysicists agree that the sun is not to blame for the current and historically sudden uptick in global temperatures on Earth, which seems to be mostly a mess created by our own species.