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WorksheetsCH 18 Module 2: Sections 18.5-18.10
Total questions: 21
Worksheet time: 11mins
Which of the following acid-base disorders is caused by large quantities of metabolic acids such as lactic acid or ketone bodies?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
What happens when PCO2 rises?
H+ concentration falls, and pH rises.
H+ concentration rises, and pH rises.
H+ concentration rises, and pH declines.
H+ concentration falls, and pH declines.
Which of the following statements is false regarding electrolyte balance?
Problems with sodium balance are less common but significantly more dangerous than those related to potassium balance.
The concentrations of individual electrolytes affect a variety of cell functions.
A gain or loss of electrolytes can cause a gain or loss in water.
The most common problems involving electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between sodium gains and losses.
Urine ejection can only occur if __________.
the external urethral sphincter is contracted and the internal urethral sphincter is relaxed
the external urethral sphincter is relaxed and the internal urethral sphincter is contracted
both the internal and external urethral sphincters are contracted
both the external and internal urethral sphincters are relaxed
Regarding respiratory contributions to pH regulation, a rise in __________ stimulates __________ in the aortic and carotid bodies.
proteins; baroreceptors
PCO2; chemoreceptors
PO2; chemoreceptors
bicarbonate; chemoreceptors
With age, the distal portions of the nephron and the collecting system become less responsive to which of the following hormones?
ADH and ANP
ADH and aldosterone
Renin and ADH
Aldosterone and renin
Perilymph and endolymph are __________.
minor components of the ICF
major components of the ICF
major components of the ECF
minor components of the ECF
Kidney tubules modify the pH of the filtrate by secreting __________ ions or reabsorbing __________ ions.
bicarbonate; chloride
hydrogen; bicarbonate
hydrogen; sodium
sodium; potassium
Which of the following conditions is an age-related effect on the urinary system?
Urinary retention in some males
Decrease in the number of functional nephrons
All of the listed responses are correct.
Net loss in body mineral content
Hyperventilation and reduction in plasma Pco2 levels result in which of the following acid-base disorders?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
How is the majority of fluid lost each day?
Through feces
Insensible perspiration
Urination
Evaporation at lungs
Respiratory acid-base disorders result when abnormal respiratory function causes an extreme rise or fall in __________.
CO2 levels in the ICF
O2 levels in the ICF
O2 levels in the ECF
CO2 levels in the ECF
Aldosterone levels rise when __________.
potassium levels fall in the ECF
potassium levels rise in the ICF
sodium levels rise in the ECF
potassium levels rise in the ECF
Which of the following statements concerning protein buffer systems is correct?
If pH climbs, the amino group can accept a chloride ion.
If pH climbs, the carboxyl group of an amino acid can dissociate, releasing a hydrogen ion.
If pH climbs, the carboxyl group of an amino acid can accept a phosphate ion.
If pH climbs, the amino group can accept an additional hydrogen ion.
Which of the following changes is a cause of reduction in the GFR in the elderly?
Loss of sphincter muscle tone
Greater number of glomeruli
Cumulative damage to the filtration structures
Increase in renal blood flow
_________ exists if the pH of blood ______.
Alkalosis; exceeds 7.45
Acidosis; exceeds 7.45
Acidosis; exceeds 7.0
Alkalosis; exceeds 7.0
Approximately how much water is lost each day in urine, feces, and perspiration?
2500 mL
5000 mL
1200 mL
500 mL
Which of the following ions is the dominant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Sodium
Calcium
Bicarbonate
Potassium
The largest subdivisions of the ECF are the _________ and the plasma of circulating blood.
serous fluids
interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues
synovial fluids
lymph
The phosphate buffer system consists of a weak acid, an anion known as ________; its chemical formula is ________ .
hydrogen ion; H+
monohydrogen phosphate; HPO42-
amino ion; NH3+
dihydrogen phosphate; H2PO4-
What is the name of the triangular area within the urinary bladder bounded by the ureteral openings and the entrance to the urethra?
Internal urethral sphincter
Detrusor muscle
Umbilical ligaments
Trigone
