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Investigation 4 - Fossils

Total questions: 38

Worksheet time: 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When does geological time start?

a)

When the dinosaurs lived

b)

When the Earth began

c)

When the first humans lived

d)

When the first bacteria were living on Earth

2.

Which is the shortest span of time on the Geological Time Scale

a)

Eon

b)

Era

c)

Period

d)

Epoch

3.

What lived during the Paleozoic Era?

a)

Mammals and humans

b)

Trilobites, corals, brachiopods, early fish

c)

Dinosaurs

d)

Nothing

4.

What lived during the Mesozoic Era?

a)

Mammals and humans

b)

Trilobites, corals, brachiopods, early fish

c)

Dinosaurs

d)

Nothing

5.

What lives during the Cenozoic Era?

a)

Mammals and humans

b)

Trilobites, corals, brachiopods, early fish

c)

Dinosaurs

d)

Nothing

6.

Index fossils...

a)

lived across many time periods or eras

b)

lived for a short time (a few million years)

7.

Fossils might NOT form if the organism decays before it is covered with sediments.

a)

True

b)

False

8.
What are two reasons that an organism that lived in ancient times may not have been discovered as a fossil?
a)
Fossil may not have been found yet; fossil was eaten or otherwise destroyed
b)
Fossil was eaten
c)
Fossil hasn't been found yet
9.
Evidence of past life, including remains, traces, and imprints, preserved in earth material, such as rock 
a)
Unconformity
b)
Fossil
c)
Paleontology
d)
Mesozoic
10.
The study of fossils 
a)
Unconformity
b)
Cross Section
c)
Formation
d)
Paleontology
11.
All the organisms that have existed in Earth’s history that are preserved in rock 
a)
Fossil
b)
Index Fossil
c)
Fossil Record
d)
Unconformity
12.
The measurement of time from the formation of Earth to the present 
a)
Cross Section
b)
Geological Time
c)
Formation
d)
Fossil
13.
A fossil that provides evidence for the age of rock layers 
a)
Fossil
b)
Formation
c)
Index Fossil
d)
Cross section
14.
The age of recent life, during which mammals thrived.  We live in this era. 
a)
Precambrian
b)
Paleozoic
c)
Mesozoic
d)
Cenozoic
15.
The middle age of life, including the time of the dinosaurs.
a)
Paleozoic
b)
Precambrian
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Mesozoic
16.
The age of ancient life, which ended with the Great Extinction, during which 90% of the species living in the ocean disappeared 
a)
Paleozoic
b)
Mesozoic
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Precambrian
17.
The time between the beginning of Earth and the appearance of the first easily-fossilized, complex forms of life 
a)
Cenozoic
b)
Paleozoic
c)
Precambrian
d)
Mesozoic
18.

Two students are exploring a creek in their neighborhood. The students hope to find some fossils along the way. What kinds of rocks should the students look for on their hike, and why should they look for those kinds of rocks?

a)

The students should look for igneous rock. This is the rock that comes from volcanoes and is melting hot. Fossils can form in the hot magma without burning up.

b)

They should look for metamorphic rock. These are the hardest rocks that have been under the most pressure for the longest amounts of time. Clearly the fossils will not have been crushes or ruined but preserved.

c)

The students should look for sedimentary rocks like shale, limestone, and sandstone. Fossils form when they are quickly covered by sediments in a basin.

d)

Fossils will not form in any of these types of rock. Fossils form in Fragile Rock.

19.

Geological time is described in eras and periods. Those segments of time are based on ____________.

a)

whoever discovered them

b)

significant evolutionary events in Earth's history

c)

the thickness of certain rock layers

d)

the number of layers of rock that can be counted in 10 meters of a rock column.

20.

To a geologist, the most important use of index fossils is

a)

to show what kind of life existed long ago

b)

to show that sediments were deposited horizontally

c)

to determine the age of the rock

d)

to tell the story or the ancient environment

21.

Geologists have discovered the fossils you see below in rock layers at two state parks. One of these fossils is an index fossil. Based on the information given, image from the picture is most likely the index fossil?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

22.

What are fossils?

a)

All the fossils on earth

b)

A fossil that characterizes a particular period of time.

c)

Any remains, trace, or imprint of animal or plant life preserved in Earth's crust.

d)

Fuel formed by natural processes over long periods of time.

23.

What is the fossil record?

a)

A recorded device made out of fossils.

b)

A piece of music that is about fossils.

c)

A scroll that pictures all the fossils in North America.

d)

All the fossils on Earth.

24.

What is an index fossil?

a)

Any remains, trace, or imprint of animal or plant life preserved in Earth's crust.

b)

All the fossils on Earth.

c)

The largest division of geologic time.

d)

A fossil that characterizes a particular period of time.

25.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of fossils that we discussed?

a)

formational

b)

cast

c)

mold

d)

trace

26.

What is an era?

a)

The largest division of geologic time.

b)

A subdivision of a geologic period.

c)

A broad span of geologic time based on the general type of life existing during that time.

d)

A community of organisms interacting with each other and with the nonliving environment.

27.

What is a period?

a)

A span of time within an era.

b)

A subdivision of a geologic period.

c)

A broad span of geologic time based on the general type of life existing during that time.

d)

A community of organisms interacting with each other and with the nonliving environment.

28.

What does unconformity mean?

a)

A gap in the geologic record during which either no rocks were deposited or existing rocks eroded.

b)

A theory that says geologic processes observed in the past are the same as those observed today.

c)

When sections of Earth's crust rise as tectonic plates move.

d)

Deep areas of the crust where oceanic plates are converging and sinking.

29.

What is crossbedding?

a)

When two different animals species breed together.

b)

Patterns in rock resulting from sand dunes that were blown into patterns by the wind.

c)

When the sheets in the bed get twisted up.

d)

When two beds of grass are combined to made one.

30.

What is a cross section?

a)

The surface that is revealed when something is cut through, typically at a right angle to its axis.

b)

When land lines cross.

c)

When X marks the spot.

d)

When you cut the top layer of something away.

31.

What does formation mean?

a)

A hole or vent near a volcano from which steam rises.

b)

To form into thin, leaflike layers

c)

A bending of rock layers caused by pressure.

d)

Rock layers with distinguishable characteristics and sequences of sediments.

32.

What does Precambrian mean?

a)

An era when mammals exist; means "recent animal life"

b)

An era when dinosaurs existed; means "middle animal life"

c)

An era when trilobites, corals, brachiopods, early fish, and early amphibians existed; means "ancient animal life"

d)

All of the time before the Paleozoic era.

33.

What does geologic time mean?

a)

The time we started studying geology.

b)

The period of time ranging from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago to today.

c)

A clock that shows when different rocks were formed.

d)

A clock made out of rocks.

34.

Fossils usually form from bones and other hard parts of animals.

a)

True

b)

False

35.
The patterns in rock resulting from sand dunes that were blown into patterns by the wind 
a)
Cross Section
b)
Crossbedding
c)
Cross Section
d)
Geological Time
36.
The view you would get if you sliced into the Colorado Plateau to look at the layers of rock from the side 
a)
Cross Section
b)
Crossbedding
c)
Unconformity
d)
Era
37.
An interruption in the normal sequence of deposition of sedimentary rocks 
a)
Unconformity
b)
Crossbedding
c)
Cross Section
d)
Formation
38.

In which type of rock are most fossils found?

a)

shale

b)

sandstone

c)

sedimentary

d)

igneous