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4-1: Earth's External Processes

Total questions: 32

Worksheet time: 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks at or near the Earth's surface is called:

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Frost Wedging

e)

Spheroidal weathering

2.

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice is called:

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Frost Wedging

e)

Spheroidal weathering

3.

The transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity is called:

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Frost Wedging

e)

Spheroidal weathering

4.

Water works its way into cracks or voids in rock, then freezes and expands, enlarging the openings. After many freeze-thaw cycles, the rock is broken into pieces. A process called:

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Frost Wedging

e)

Spheroidal weathering

5.

______________is the gradual rounding of the edges and corners of angular blocks due to their greater surface area.

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Frost Wedging

e)

Spheroidal weathering

6.

Which of these is not an external process:

a)

Weathering

b)

Mass wasting

c)

Erosion

d)

Convection currents

7.

As water freezes its volume:

a)

expands

b)

contracts

c)

Remains constant

d)

Fluctuates rapidly

8.

Where would frost wedging be the most common:

a)

Tampa bay

b)

Chicago

c)

Phoenix

d)

Anchorage

9.

Which of the following describes the role salt plays in weathering rock:

a)

As water evaporates, salt crystallizes in the cracks of the rock, breaking it into pieces.

b)

Water leaches the salt from the rocks, increasing the rocks brittleness.

c)

Salt in the rocks attracts water molecules, increasing the rate of weathering

d)

The salt chemically reacts with the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron to break apart the rock.

10.

Why do plutons undergo sheeting when they are uplifted?

a)

Confining pressure decreases and the rock expands

b)

Confining pressure increases and the rock constricts

c)

The rock reacts with the oxygen as it contains the atmosphere

d)

Exposure to the sun dry the rock and causes it to crack

11.

Identify the type of weathering depicted:

a)

Biological

b)

Frost wedging

c)

Unloading

d)

Spheroidal weathering

e)

Salt crystal growth

12.

Which of the following is the most important chemical weathering agent:

a)

Water

b)

Oxidation

c)

Oxygen

d)

Carbon dioxide

13.

Where does most of the sand on beaches come from:

a)

quartz grains created from the weathering of granite

b)

glassy grains created from the weathering of obsidian

c)

tiny fragments of the shells of marine organisms

d)

precipitate left over from dissolved minerals

14.

Identify the type of weathering depicted:

a)

Biological

b)

Frost wedging

c)

Unloading

d)

Spheroidal weathering

e)

Salt crystal growth

15.

Which of the following tombstones is most likely made of marble?

a)

A

b)

B

16.

The two types of weathering are:

a)

mechanical

b)

chemical

c)

detrital

d)

extrusive

e)

intrusive

17.

The optimum environment for chemical weathering is a combination of:

a)

cold temperatures and little moisture

b)

warm temperatures and little moisture

c)

warm temperatures and abundant moisture

d)

cold temperatures and no moisture

18.

______________refers to the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity.

a)

Mass wasting

b)

Angle of repose

c)

Slump

d)

Rockslides

e)

Debris flow

19.

_____________is the steepest angle at which material (unconsolidated granular particles) remain stable. The angle varies from 25 to 40 degrees.

a)

Mass wasting

b)

Angle of repose

c)

Slump

d)

Rockslides

e)

Debris flow

20.

______________refers to the downward sliding of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving as a unit along a curved surface.

a)

Mass wasting

b)

Angle of repose

c)

Slump

d)

Rockslides

e)

Debris flow

21.

_____________frequently occur in high mountain areas such as the Andes, Alps, and Canadian Rockies. They are sudden and rapid movements that happen when detached segments of bedrock break loose and slide downslope.

a)

Mass wasting

b)

Angle of repose

c)

Slump

d)

Rockslides

e)

Debris flow

22.

_____________is a relatively rapid type of mass wasting that involves a flow of soil and regolith containing a large amount of water.

a)

Mass wasting

b)

Angle of repose

c)

Slump

d)

Rockslides

e)

Debris flow

23.

Debris flows composed of mostly volcanic materials on the flanks of volcanoes are called:

a)

Lahars

b)

Earthflows

c)

Creep

d)

Solifluction

e)

Permafrost

24.

___________most often form on hillsides in humid areas during times of heavy precipitation or snowmelt.

a)

Lahars

b)

Earthflows

c)

Creep

d)

Solifluction

e)

Permafrost

25.

____________is a type of mass wasting that involves the gradual downhill movement of soil and regolith due to the alternate expansion and contraction of surface material caused by freezing and thawing or wetting and drying.

a)

Lahars

b)

Earthflows

c)

Creep

d)

Solifluction

e)

Permafrost

26.

When soil is saturated with water, the soggy mass may flow downslope at a rate of a few millimeters or a few centimeters per day or per year. It is common in regions underlain by permafrost. Such a process is called:

a)

Lahars

b)

Earthflows

c)

Creep

d)

Solifluction

e)

Permafrost

27.

_____________refers to the permanently frozen ground that occurs in Earth's harsh tundra and ice-cap climates.

a)

Lahars

b)

Earthflows

c)

Creep

d)

Solifluction

e)

Permafrost

28.

The force that controls mass wasting is:

a)

Gravity

b)

Wind

c)

Erosion

d)

Weathering

29.

Which of the following is a control/trigger of mass wasting:

a)

heavy precipitation

b)

snowmelt

c)

oversteepened slopes

d)

removal of vegetation

e)

earthquakes

30.

Mass wasting processes are classified by:

a)

the kind of motion and the velocity of movement

b)

the type of material and the location

c)

the color of the sediment and the velocity of movement

d)

the location of the occurrence and the size of the sediment

31.

Which of the following are types of motion associated with mass wasting:

a)

Fall

b)

Slides

c)

Flow

d)

Tumble

32.

Identify Item #1:

a)

Slump

b)

Earthflow

c)

Debris flow

d)

Rockslide